Liver Cysts

Torres VE, Harris PC, Pirson Y. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Lancet. 2007 May 12;369(9579):1287-301. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60601-1. PMID: 17434405.
Kim JH, Lee JM, Han JK, et al. Hepatic cyst infection after percutaneous aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy: frequency and risk factors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Feb;186(2):449-56. doi: 10.2214/AJR.04.1957. PMID: 16423952.
Yoon JH, Lee JM. Imaging Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatic Cystic Lesions. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2013 Sep;19(3):257-65. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2013.19.3.257. Epub 2013 Sep 25. PMID: 24133492; PMCID: PMC3798348.
Kim HJ, Lee JH, Park MS, Kim KW. Imaging Features of Simple Hepatic Cysts and Pseudocysts on MRI and CT. Korean J Radiol. 2015 Jan-Feb;16(1):31-42. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.1.31. Epub 2015 Jan 8. PMID: 25598671; PMCID: PMC4292094.
El-Serag HB, Tran T, Everhart JE. Diabetes increases the risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2004 Apr;126(4):460-8. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.065. PMID: 14988834.
Lee KF, Wong J, Li JC, Lai PB. Liver cysts: treatment with percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007 Jan;18(1 Pt 1):95-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2006.08.025. PMID: 17296711.
Keane MG, Horsfall L, Rait G, Pereira SP. Natural history of simple hepatic cysts detected on ultrasound. Int J Hepatol. 2014;2014:459068. doi: 10.1155/2014/459068. Epub 2014 May 15. PMID: 24926450; PMCID: PMC4043753.
Lai EC, Tomlinson JS, Fan ST. Polycystic liver disease: a comprehensive review. Surg Today. 2005;35(1):1-15. doi: 10.1007/s00595-004-2908-4. Epub 2005 Jan 6. PMID: 15640761.
Lantinga MA, Drenth JP. Genetic and Clinical Characteristics of Polycystic Liver Disease. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:141240. doi: 10.1155/2014/141240. Epub 2014 Jun 10. PMID: 24971313; PMCID: PMC4065022.
Qian LJ, Zhu J, Zhuang LP, et al. Hepatic Cyst Infection in Polycystic Liver Disease: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Antibiotic Therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016 Aug;207(2):W26-32. doi: 10.2214/AJR.15.15585. Epub 2016 May 18. PMID: 27193391.
Nishikawa H, Enomoto H, Iwata Y, et al. Clinical significance of simple hepatic cyst with respect to metabolic syndrome in Japanese patients: A retrospective cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Nov;30(11):1615-21. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13015. PMID: 25864901.
Vicens RA, Scott R, Kronenberger B, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography for detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions in patients with normal or abnormal liver function. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013 Jul-Aug;37(4):545-50. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e3182905a5c. PMID: 23863560.
European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of benign liver tumours. J Hepatol. 2016 Aug;65(2):386-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 May 6. PMID: 27167036.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Polycystic liver disease. Updated May 2017. Accessed April 24, 2023. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/polycystic-liver-disease
European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR). ESGAR consensus statement on liver cystic lesions. Insights Imaging. 2013 Apr;4(2):231-43. doi: 10.1007/s13244-013-0230-0. Epub 2013 Feb 23. PMID: 23435609; PMCID: PMC3627841.
Pappas-Gogos G, Karavias D, Giannakopoulos I, Kesisoglou I, Kakaviatos N, Varnavas G. Polycystic Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2019 Oct 30;25:256-266. doi: 10.12659/MSMBR.917401. PMID: 31667709; PMCID: PMC6832787.