Etlik Piliç Kümeslerinde Verimliliği Artırmaya Yönelik Yaklaşımlar: Çevre Koşulları ve Yönetimi
Synopsis
Etlik piliç dünya genelinde üretim maliyeti düşük, kaliteli protein sağlayan ve hızlı büyüme özelliği ile önemli bir besin kaynağıdır. Bu durum ucuz üretim maliyeti ve hızlı büyüme özelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle küresel etlik piliç üretimi sürekli olarak artış göstermektedir. Ancak, etlik piliç üretiminin başarısı çevre koşullarının etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesine bağlıdır. Isı stresi ve diğer çevresel faktörler tavukların performansını ve üretim verimliliğini olumsuz etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle modern teknolojilerin kullanımı ve uygun konfor parametrelerinin belirlenmesi etlik piliç sektörünün sürdürülebilirliğini ve verimliliğini artırmak için gereklidir. Özellikle sıcak bölgelerde uygun kümes tasarımı ve iç iklim yönetimi etlik piliçlerin sağlık ve performansını korumak açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, kümeslerdeki çevre koşullarının etlik piliç üretimine etkileri ve konfor parametreleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.
References
Mutaf S and Sönmez R, Hayvan barınaklarında iklimsel çevre ve denetimi, in Ege Üniv., Ziraat Fak., Yay. 1984, Ege Univ., Ziraat Fakultesi: Izmir, Turkey. p. 10-131.
FAO, World Food And Agriculture. Statistical Yearbook. Vol. 1. FAO; 2023. 384.doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8166en.
Aviagen, Ross 308 broiler performance objectives. Huntsville, AL 35806, USA: Aviagen Group; 2019.
Costantino A, Fabrizio E, Ghiggini A, et al., Climate control in broiler houses: A thermal model for the calculation of the energy use and indoor environmental conditions. Energy and Buildings. 2018;169: 110-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.056.
Patra AK, Advances in poultry nutrition research. BoD–Books on Demand; 2021.
Vaarst M, Steenfeldt S, and Horsted K, Sustainable development perspectives of poultry production. World's poultry science journal. 2015;71(4): 609-620.
Çaylı A, Kümeslerin Su Gereksiniminin Yağmur Suyu Hasadından Karşılanması Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Kahramanmaraş Örneği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 2021;24(5): 1048-1058. doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.838619.
Nienaber J and Hahn G, Livestock production system management responses to thermal challenges. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2007;52: 149-157.
Nardone A, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, et al., Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science. 2010;130(1-3): 57-69.
Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Baumgard LH, et al., Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal. 2010;4(7): 1167-1183.
Kumar M, Ratwan P, Dahiya S, et al., Climate change and heat stress: Impact on production, reproduction and growth performance of poultry and its mitigation using genetic strategies. Journal of thermal biology. 2021;97: 102867.
Boyacı S, Etlik Piliç Kümeslerinde, Isıtma ve Soğutma Derece Gün Değerlerinin Derece Gün Yöntemiyle Belirlenmesi: Kırşehir İli Örneği. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2018;7(1): 75-82.
Akyuz A, Boyaci S, and Cayli A, Determination of critical period for dairy cows using temperature humidity index. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2010;9(13): 1824-1827. doi: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1824.1827.
Çaylı A, Akyüz A, Üstün S, et al., Efficiency of two different types of evaporative cooling systems in broiler houses in Eastern Mediterranean climate conditions. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2021;22: 100844. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100844.
Keener K, McAvoy K, Foegeding J, et al., Effect of testing temperature on internal egg quality measurements. Poultry science. 2006;85(3): 550-555.
Irshad A, Kandeepan G, Kumar S, et al., Factors influencing carcass composition of livestock: A review. J. Anim. Prod. Adv. 2013;3(1): 1.
Deeb N and Cahaner A, Genotype-by-environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate. 3. Growth rate and water consumption of broiler progeny from weight-selected versus nonselected parents under normal and high ambient temperatures. Poultry Science. 2002;81(3): 293-301.
Settar P, Yalcin S, Turkmut L, et al., Season by genotype interaction related to broiler growth rate and heat tolerance. Poultry science. 1999;78(10): 1353-1358.
Ketelaars E, Lecture notes on chicken farming in warm climate zones . Agromisa Foundation. 2005.
Uğurlu N and Kara M, Islak ped sistemiyle serinletmenin performans verileri ve kafes sistem kümes iç sıcaklığının düşürülmesine etkisi. Türk J Agric For. 2000;24(2000): 79-86s.
Cherian G, Nutrition and metabolism in poultry: role of lipids in early diet. Journal of animal science and biotechnology. 2015;6: 1-9.
Wasti S, Sah N, and Mishra B, Impact of heat stress on poultry health and performances, and potential mitigation strategies. Animals. 2020;10(8): 1266.
Gerber P, Opio C, and Steinfeld H, Poultry production and the environment–a review. Animal production and health division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla. 2007;153: 1-27.
Verma KK, Singh V, Gupta SL, et al., Environmentally Controlled House-In Poultry Production. Poultry Line. 2014;1: 29-32.
Czarick M, III and Fairchild B, Poultry housing for hot climates. CABI. 2008: 80–131. doi: 10.1079/9781845932589.0080.
Bhadauria P, Kataria J, Majumdar S, et al., Divya and Kolluri G. 2014. Impact of Hot Climate on Poultry Production System-A Review. Journal of Poultry Science and Technology. 2014;2(4): 56-63.
Mack L, Felver-Gant J, Dennis R, et al., Genetic variations alter production and behavioral responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poultry science. 2013;92(2): 285-294.
Simmons J, Lott B, and Miles D, The effects of high-air velocity on broiler performance. Poultry science. 2003;82(2): 232-234.
Mutaf S, Mühendislik yaklaşımı ile hayvan barınaklarında iklimsel çevre ve denetim ilkeleri. Tarım Bilimleri Serisi. Ankara, Türkiye: Ankara, Türkiye: T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Eğitim Yayım ve Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı.; 2012. 895.
Khan RU, Naz S, Ullah H, et al., Physiological dynamics in broiler chickens under heat stress and possible mitigation strategies. Animal biotechnology. 2023;34(2): 438-447.
Ghazi S, Habibian M, Moeini M, et al., Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biological trace element research. 2012;146: 309-317.
Imik H, Ozlu H, Gumus R, et al., Effects of ascorbic acid and α-lipoic acid on performance and meat quality of broilers subjected to heat stress. British Poultry Science. 2012;53(6): 800-808.
Zhang Z, Jia G, Zuo J, et al., Effects of constant and cyclic heat stress on muscle metabolism and meat quality of broiler breast fillet and thigh meat. Poultry science. 2012;91(11): 2931-2937.
He S, Arowolo M, Medrano R, et al., Impact of heat stress and nutritional interventions on poultry production. World's Poultry Science Journal. 2018;74(4): 647-664.
Kim D-H, Lee Y-K, Lee S-D, et al., Physiological and behavioral responses of laying hens exposed to long-term high temperature. Journal of Thermal Biology. 2021;99: 103017.
Nawab A, Ibtisham F, Li G, et al., Heat stress in poultry production: Mitigation strategies to overcome the future challenges facing the global poultry industry. Journal of thermal biology. 2018;78: 131-139.
Chaiyabutr N, Physiological reactions of poultry to heat stress and methods to reduce its effects on poultry production. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2004;34(2): 17-30.
Yahav S and McMurtry J, Thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life—the effect of timing and ambient temperaturey. Poultry Science. 2001;80(12): 1662-1666.
May J and Lott B, The effect of environmental temperature on growth and feed conversion of broilers to 21 days of age. Poultry science. 2000;79(5): 669-671.
Aviagen, Ross Broyler Sevk-İdare El Kitabı. Vol. 1. www.aviagen.com; 2014.
Teeter RG and Belay T, Broiler management during acute heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 1996;58(1): 127-142. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00879-9.
Rostagno MH, Effects of heat stress on the gut health of poultry. Journal of animal science. 2020;98(4): skaa090.
Yahav S, Relative humidity at moderate ambient temperatures: its effect on male broiler chickens and turkeys. British poultry science. 2000;41(1): 94-100.
Muhieldeen OA, Abdalla AHM, Youisf YE, et al., Improvement of Broiler Production by Evaporative Cooling. University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2019;13(1).
Oloyo A, The use of housing system in the management of heat stress in poultry production in hot and humid climate: a review. 2018.
Ben Sassi N, Averós X, and Estevez I, Technology and Poultry Welfare. Animals. 2016;6(10): 62.
Reece F and Lott B, Effect of carbon dioxide on broiler chicken performance. Poultry science. 1980;59(11): 2400-2402.
Purswell J, Davis J, Luck B, et al., Effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on broiler chicken performance from 28 to 49 days. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2011;10(8): 597-602.
Fernandes J, Bortoluzzi C, Esser A, et al., Performance of broilers submitted to high CO2 levels during incubation combined with temperature fluctuations at late post-hatch. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 2014;16: 285-290.
Calvet S, Estellés F, Cambra-López M, et al., The influence of broiler activity, growth rate, and litter on carbon dioxide balances for the determination of ventilation flow rates in broiler production. Poultry Science. 2011;90(11): 2449-2458.
Beker A, Vanhooser S, Swartzlander J, et al., Atmospheric ammonia concentration effects on broiler growth and performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 2004;13(1): 5-9.
Karadöl H, Çaylı A, Akyüz A, et al., Etlik Piliç Yetiştiriciliğinde Çevre Koşullarının İzlenmesine Yönelik Web Tabanlı Bir Uzak İzleme Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science. 6(4): 426-433.
Lott B, Simmons J, and May J, Air velocity and high temperature effects on broiler performance. Poultry science. 1998;77(3): 391-393.
Blanes-Vidal V, Fitas V, and Torres A, Differential pressure as a control parameter for ventilation in poultry houses: Effect on air velocity in the zone occupied by animals. Spanish journal of agricultural research. 2007;5(1): 31-37.
Hulzebosch J, What affects the climate in poultry houses? World Poultry. 2004;20(7): 36-38.
Lacy M and Czarick M, Tunnel-ventilated broiler houses: broiler performance and operating costs. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 1992;1(1): 104-109.
Patel S, Patel A, Patel M, et al., Significance of light in poultry production: a review. Advances in Life Sciences. 2016;5(4): 1154-1160.
Olanrewaju H, Thaxton J, Dozier W, et al., A review of lighting programs for broiler production. International journal of poultry science. 2006;5(4): 301-308.
Classen H, Riddell C, and Robinson F, Effects of increasing photoperiod length on performance and health of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 1991;32(1): 21-29.
Deep A, Schwean-Lardner K, Crowe T, et al., Effect of light intensity on broiler production, processing characteristics, and welfare. Poultry science. 2010;89(11): 2326-2333.
Lewis P and Morris T, Poultry and coloured light. World's Poultry Science Journal. 2000;56(3): 189-207.
FAO, World Food And Agriculture. Statistical Yearbook. Vol. 1. FAO; 2023. 384.doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8166en.
Aviagen, Ross 308 broiler performance objectives. Huntsville, AL 35806, USA: Aviagen Group; 2019.
Costantino A, Fabrizio E, Ghiggini A, et al., Climate control in broiler houses: A thermal model for the calculation of the energy use and indoor environmental conditions. Energy and Buildings. 2018;169: 110-126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.056.
Patra AK, Advances in poultry nutrition research. BoD–Books on Demand; 2021.
Vaarst M, Steenfeldt S, and Horsted K, Sustainable development perspectives of poultry production. World's poultry science journal. 2015;71(4): 609-620.
Çaylı A, Kümeslerin Su Gereksiniminin Yağmur Suyu Hasadından Karşılanması Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Kahramanmaraş Örneği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 2021;24(5): 1048-1058. doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.838619.
Nienaber J and Hahn G, Livestock production system management responses to thermal challenges. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2007;52: 149-157.
Nardone A, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, et al., Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science. 2010;130(1-3): 57-69.
Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Baumgard LH, et al., Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Animal. 2010;4(7): 1167-1183.
Kumar M, Ratwan P, Dahiya S, et al., Climate change and heat stress: Impact on production, reproduction and growth performance of poultry and its mitigation using genetic strategies. Journal of thermal biology. 2021;97: 102867.
Boyacı S, Etlik Piliç Kümeslerinde, Isıtma ve Soğutma Derece Gün Değerlerinin Derece Gün Yöntemiyle Belirlenmesi: Kırşehir İli Örneği. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2018;7(1): 75-82.
Akyuz A, Boyaci S, and Cayli A, Determination of critical period for dairy cows using temperature humidity index. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2010;9(13): 1824-1827. doi: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1824.1827.
Çaylı A, Akyüz A, Üstün S, et al., Efficiency of two different types of evaporative cooling systems in broiler houses in Eastern Mediterranean climate conditions. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2021;22: 100844. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100844.
Keener K, McAvoy K, Foegeding J, et al., Effect of testing temperature on internal egg quality measurements. Poultry science. 2006;85(3): 550-555.
Irshad A, Kandeepan G, Kumar S, et al., Factors influencing carcass composition of livestock: A review. J. Anim. Prod. Adv. 2013;3(1): 1.
Deeb N and Cahaner A, Genotype-by-environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate. 3. Growth rate and water consumption of broiler progeny from weight-selected versus nonselected parents under normal and high ambient temperatures. Poultry Science. 2002;81(3): 293-301.
Settar P, Yalcin S, Turkmut L, et al., Season by genotype interaction related to broiler growth rate and heat tolerance. Poultry science. 1999;78(10): 1353-1358.
Ketelaars E, Lecture notes on chicken farming in warm climate zones . Agromisa Foundation. 2005.
Uğurlu N and Kara M, Islak ped sistemiyle serinletmenin performans verileri ve kafes sistem kümes iç sıcaklığının düşürülmesine etkisi. Türk J Agric For. 2000;24(2000): 79-86s.
Cherian G, Nutrition and metabolism in poultry: role of lipids in early diet. Journal of animal science and biotechnology. 2015;6: 1-9.
Wasti S, Sah N, and Mishra B, Impact of heat stress on poultry health and performances, and potential mitigation strategies. Animals. 2020;10(8): 1266.
Gerber P, Opio C, and Steinfeld H, Poultry production and the environment–a review. Animal production and health division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla. 2007;153: 1-27.
Verma KK, Singh V, Gupta SL, et al., Environmentally Controlled House-In Poultry Production. Poultry Line. 2014;1: 29-32.
Czarick M, III and Fairchild B, Poultry housing for hot climates. CABI. 2008: 80–131. doi: 10.1079/9781845932589.0080.
Bhadauria P, Kataria J, Majumdar S, et al., Divya and Kolluri G. 2014. Impact of Hot Climate on Poultry Production System-A Review. Journal of Poultry Science and Technology. 2014;2(4): 56-63.
Mack L, Felver-Gant J, Dennis R, et al., Genetic variations alter production and behavioral responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poultry science. 2013;92(2): 285-294.
Simmons J, Lott B, and Miles D, The effects of high-air velocity on broiler performance. Poultry science. 2003;82(2): 232-234.
Mutaf S, Mühendislik yaklaşımı ile hayvan barınaklarında iklimsel çevre ve denetim ilkeleri. Tarım Bilimleri Serisi. Ankara, Türkiye: Ankara, Türkiye: T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı Eğitim Yayım ve Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı.; 2012. 895.
Khan RU, Naz S, Ullah H, et al., Physiological dynamics in broiler chickens under heat stress and possible mitigation strategies. Animal biotechnology. 2023;34(2): 438-447.
Ghazi S, Habibian M, Moeini M, et al., Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biological trace element research. 2012;146: 309-317.
Imik H, Ozlu H, Gumus R, et al., Effects of ascorbic acid and α-lipoic acid on performance and meat quality of broilers subjected to heat stress. British Poultry Science. 2012;53(6): 800-808.
Zhang Z, Jia G, Zuo J, et al., Effects of constant and cyclic heat stress on muscle metabolism and meat quality of broiler breast fillet and thigh meat. Poultry science. 2012;91(11): 2931-2937.
He S, Arowolo M, Medrano R, et al., Impact of heat stress and nutritional interventions on poultry production. World's Poultry Science Journal. 2018;74(4): 647-664.
Kim D-H, Lee Y-K, Lee S-D, et al., Physiological and behavioral responses of laying hens exposed to long-term high temperature. Journal of Thermal Biology. 2021;99: 103017.
Nawab A, Ibtisham F, Li G, et al., Heat stress in poultry production: Mitigation strategies to overcome the future challenges facing the global poultry industry. Journal of thermal biology. 2018;78: 131-139.
Chaiyabutr N, Physiological reactions of poultry to heat stress and methods to reduce its effects on poultry production. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2004;34(2): 17-30.
Yahav S and McMurtry J, Thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life—the effect of timing and ambient temperaturey. Poultry Science. 2001;80(12): 1662-1666.
May J and Lott B, The effect of environmental temperature on growth and feed conversion of broilers to 21 days of age. Poultry science. 2000;79(5): 669-671.
Aviagen, Ross Broyler Sevk-İdare El Kitabı. Vol. 1. www.aviagen.com; 2014.
Teeter RG and Belay T, Broiler management during acute heat stress. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 1996;58(1): 127-142. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00879-9.
Rostagno MH, Effects of heat stress on the gut health of poultry. Journal of animal science. 2020;98(4): skaa090.
Yahav S, Relative humidity at moderate ambient temperatures: its effect on male broiler chickens and turkeys. British poultry science. 2000;41(1): 94-100.
Muhieldeen OA, Abdalla AHM, Youisf YE, et al., Improvement of Broiler Production by Evaporative Cooling. University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2019;13(1).
Oloyo A, The use of housing system in the management of heat stress in poultry production in hot and humid climate: a review. 2018.
Ben Sassi N, Averós X, and Estevez I, Technology and Poultry Welfare. Animals. 2016;6(10): 62.
Reece F and Lott B, Effect of carbon dioxide on broiler chicken performance. Poultry science. 1980;59(11): 2400-2402.
Purswell J, Davis J, Luck B, et al., Effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on broiler chicken performance from 28 to 49 days. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2011;10(8): 597-602.
Fernandes J, Bortoluzzi C, Esser A, et al., Performance of broilers submitted to high CO2 levels during incubation combined with temperature fluctuations at late post-hatch. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 2014;16: 285-290.
Calvet S, Estellés F, Cambra-López M, et al., The influence of broiler activity, growth rate, and litter on carbon dioxide balances for the determination of ventilation flow rates in broiler production. Poultry Science. 2011;90(11): 2449-2458.
Beker A, Vanhooser S, Swartzlander J, et al., Atmospheric ammonia concentration effects on broiler growth and performance. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 2004;13(1): 5-9.
Karadöl H, Çaylı A, Akyüz A, et al., Etlik Piliç Yetiştiriciliğinde Çevre Koşullarının İzlenmesine Yönelik Web Tabanlı Bir Uzak İzleme Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science. 6(4): 426-433.
Lott B, Simmons J, and May J, Air velocity and high temperature effects on broiler performance. Poultry science. 1998;77(3): 391-393.
Blanes-Vidal V, Fitas V, and Torres A, Differential pressure as a control parameter for ventilation in poultry houses: Effect on air velocity in the zone occupied by animals. Spanish journal of agricultural research. 2007;5(1): 31-37.
Hulzebosch J, What affects the climate in poultry houses? World Poultry. 2004;20(7): 36-38.
Lacy M and Czarick M, Tunnel-ventilated broiler houses: broiler performance and operating costs. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 1992;1(1): 104-109.
Patel S, Patel A, Patel M, et al., Significance of light in poultry production: a review. Advances in Life Sciences. 2016;5(4): 1154-1160.
Olanrewaju H, Thaxton J, Dozier W, et al., A review of lighting programs for broiler production. International journal of poultry science. 2006;5(4): 301-308.
Classen H, Riddell C, and Robinson F, Effects of increasing photoperiod length on performance and health of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 1991;32(1): 21-29.
Deep A, Schwean-Lardner K, Crowe T, et al., Effect of light intensity on broiler production, processing characteristics, and welfare. Poultry science. 2010;89(11): 2326-2333.
Lewis P and Morris T, Poultry and coloured light. World's Poultry Science Journal. 2000;56(3): 189-207.
Pages
37-54
Published
January 14, 2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Academician Publishing Book Portal
