Çeşitli İlaçların Erkek İnfertilitesine Etkisi
Synopsis
İnfertilite nedeni ile sağlık kuruluşlarına başvuran çiftlerin yaklaşık yarısında problem erkek kaynaklıdır. Erkek infertilitesinin pretestiküler, testiküler ve posttestiküler sebepleri olabilir. Birçok ilaç da infertiliteye katkıda bulunabilmektedir. Antidepresanlardan SSRI’ların hormonal değişiklikler ve doğrudan sperm morfolojisinin bozulması ile infertiliteye sebep olduğu belirtilmiştir. Kalsiyum kanal blokerlerinin infertiliteye etkisi sperm morfolojisinin bozulması ve sperm reseptör düzey değişiklikleri ile ilişkilidir. Alfa adrenerjik blokerlerin infertiliteye etkisi hormonal değişiklikler ve ejakülasyon bozuklukları ile ilişkilidir. Anti epileptiklerin infertiliteye etkisi hormonal değişiklikler ile ilişkilidir. Anti retroviral ilaçların infertiliteye etkisi sperm morfolojisinin bozulması ile ilişkilidir. Farklı birçok ilacın da hormonal değişiklikler ile veya doğrudan spermatogenez basamaklarını ve sperm morfolojisini bozarak fertilite üzerinde negatif etki yaptığı izlenmiştir. Fakat ilaçların erkek infertilitesine etkisinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
In approximately half of the couples who apply to health institutions due to infertility, the problem originates from the man. Male infertility may have pretesticular, testicular and posttesticular causes. Many medications can also contribute to infertility. It has been stated that SSRIs, among the antidepressants, cause infertility through hormonal changes and direct deterioration of sperm morphology. The effect of calcium channel blockers on infertility is related to the deterioration of sperm morphology and changes in sperm receptor levels. The effect of alpha adrenergic blockers on infertility is related to hormonal changes and ejaculation disorders. The effect of anti-epileptics on infertility is related to hormonal changes. The effect of anti-retroviral drugs on infertility is related to the deterioration of sperm morphology. It has been observed that many different drugs have a negative effect on fertility, either through hormonal changes or directly by disrupting spermatogenesis steps and sperm morphology. However, more studies are needed to better understand the effects of drugs on male infertility.
References
Singh K, Jaiswal D. Human male infertility: a complex multifactorial phenotype. Reprod Sci. 2011;18(5):418–25.
Thonneau P, Marchand S, Tallec A, Ferial ML, Ducot B, Lansac J, et al. Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1,850,000) of three French regions (1988-1989) Hum Reprod. 1991;6(6):811–6.
Wong EW, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32(5):290–9.
Lee Hee Y. Expenence with 3,520 infertile male patients and a clinical perspective. Seoul J Med. 1986;27(1):1–18.
Pollack MH, Reiter S, Hammerness P. Genitourinary and sexual adverse effects of psychotropic medication. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1992;22(4):305–27.
Hendrick V, Gitlin M, Altshuler L, Korenman S. Antidepressant medications, mood and male fertility. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000;25(1):37–51.
Steiger A, von Bardeleben U, Wiedemann K, Holsboer F. Sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of testosterone and cortisol in patients with major endogenous depression during acute phase and after remission. J Psychiatr Res. 1991;25(4):169–77.
Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression VIII. Pituitary-gonadal axis activity in male patients and matched control subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14(3):217–29.
Davies RH, Harris B, Thomas DR, Cook N, Read G, Riad-Fahmy D. Salivary testosterone levels and major depressive illness in men. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;161:629–32.
Tanrikut C, Feldman AS, Altemus M, Paduch DA, Schlegel PN. Adverse effect of paroxetine on sperm. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(3):1021–6.
Relwani R, Berger D, Santoro N, Hickmon C, Nihsen M, Zapantis A, et al. Semen parameters are unrelated to BMI but vary with SSRI use and prior urological surgery. Reprod Sci. 2011;18(4):391–7.
Kumar VS, Sharma VL, Tiwari P, Singh D, Maikhuri JP, Gupta G, et al. The spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities of SSRI antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006;16(9):2509–12.
Lu S, Zhao Y, Hu J, Li X, Zhang H, You L, et al. Combined use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for temporary ejaculation failure in couple undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1806–8.
Beeder LA, Samplaski MK. Effect of antidepressant medications on semen parameters and male fertility. Int J Urol. 2020 Jan;27(1):39-46. doi: 10.1111/iju.14111. Epub 2019 Sep 21. PMID: 31542895.
Aaberg RA, Sauer MV, Sikka S, Rajfer J. Effects of extracellular ionized calcium, diltiazem and cAMP on motility of human spermatozoa. J Urol. 1989;141(5):1221–4.
Kanwar U, Anand RJ, Sanyal SN. The effect of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on human spermatozoal functions. Contraception. 1993;48(5):453–70.
Benoff S, Cooper GW, Hurley I, Mandel FS, Rosenfeld DL, Scholl GM, et al. The effect of calcium ion channel blockers on sperm fertilization potential. Fertil Steril. 1994;62(3):606–17.
Turner P. Recent observations on drugs and human fertility. Postgrad Med J. 1988;64(754):578–80.
Katsoff D, Check JH. A challenge to the concept that the use of calcium channel blockers causes reversible male infertility. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(7):1480–2.
Benoff S, Cooper GW, Hurley I, Mandel FS, Rosenfeld DL, Scholl GM, Gilbert BR, Hershlag A. The effect of calcium ion channel blockers on sperm fertilization potential. Fertil Steril. 1994 Sep;62(3):606-17. PMID: 8062958.
Hershlag A, Cooper GW, Benoff S. Pregnancy following discontinuation of a calcium channel blocker in the male partner. Hum Reprod. 1995 Mar;10(3):599-606. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135996. PMID: 7782439.
Hellstrom WJ, Sikka SC. Effects of acute treatment with tamsulosin versus alfuzosin on ejaculatory function in normal volunteers. J Urol. 2006;176(4 Pt 1):1529–33.
Hellstrom WJ, Sikka SC. Effects of alfuzosin and tamsulosin on sperm parameters in healthy men: results of a short-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Androl. 2009;30(4):469–74.
Andersson KE, Wyllie MG. Ejaculatory dysfunction: why all alpha-blockers are not equal. BJU Int. 2003;92(9):876–7.
Hatsuki* Hibi, Masanori Yamamoto, Koji Miyake. Effects of Alpha-Blocker on Sperm Concentration, Motility, Intraluminal Pressure and Fluid Movement in the Rat Cauda Epididymis, The Journal of Urology, Volume 154, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 606-610
Herzog AG, Seibel MM, Schomer DL, Vaitukaitis JL, Geschwind N. Reproductive endocrine disorders in men with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Arch Neurol. 1986;43(4):347–50.
Shechter-Amir D, Yavetz H, Homonnai TZ, Huberman M, Cohn DF. Semen parameters among epileptic males treated with carbamazepine. Isr J Med Sci. 1993;29(10):648–9.
Taneja N, Kucheria K, Jain S, Maheshwari MC. Effect of phenytoin on semen. Epilepsia. 1994;35(1):136–40.
Hayashi T, Yoshida S, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Ishii N, Yamada T. Improvement of oligoasthenozoospermia in epileptic patients on switching anti-epilepsy medication from sodium valproate to phenytoin. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2005;39(5):431–2.
Hayashi T, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Ishii N, Kamata S, Watanabe T, et al. Asthenozoospermia: possible association with long-term exposure to an anti-epileptic drug of carbamazepine. Int J Urol. 2005;12(1):113–4.
Hayashi T, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Ishii N, Kamata S, Watanabe T, et al. Asthenozoospermia: possible association with long-term exposure to an anti-epileptic drug of carbamazepine. Int J Urol. 2005;12(1):113–4.
Isojärvi JI, Löfgren E, Juntunen KS, Pakarinen AJ, Päivänsalo M, Rautakorpi I, Tuomivaara L. Effect of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on male reproductive health. Neurology. 2004 Jan 27;62(2):247-53. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000098936.46730.64. PMID: 14745062.
Ahmad G, Moinard N, Jouanolou V, Daudin M, Gandia P, Bujan L. In vitro assessment of the adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs on the human male gamete. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011;25(2):485–91.
van Leeuwen E, Wit FW, Repping S, Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK, Reiss P, van der Veen F, et al. Effects of antiretroviral therapy on semen quality. AIDS. 2008;22(5):637–42.
Kehl S, Weigel M, Müller D, Gentili M, Horne-mann A, Sütterlin M. HIV-infection and modern antiretroviral therapy impair sperm quality. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;284(1):229–33.
Nicopoullos JD, Almeida P, Vourliotis M, Goulding R, Gilling-Smith C. A decade of sperm washing: clinical correlates of successful insemination outcome. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(8):1869–76.
Am J Mens Health. 2018 Nov; 12(6): 1835–1842. Published online 2018 Aug 22. doi: 10.1177/1557988318794282 PMCID: PMC6199444PMID: 30132391. Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Sperm DNA Integrity of HIV-1-Infected Men. Valeria Savasi, Monica Oneta, Arianna Laoreti, Francesca Parisi, Bina Parrilla, Piergiorgio Duca, and Irene Cetin
Haidl G, Allam JP, Schuppe HC. Chronic epididymitis: impact on semen parameters and therapeutic options. Andrologia. 2008;40(2):92–6.
Cai T, Wagenlehner FM, Mazzoli S, Meacci F, Mondaini N, Nesi G, et al. Semen Quality in Pa-tients with Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital Infection Treated Concurrently with Prulifoxacin and a Phytotherapeutic Agent. J Androl. 2011 Oct 6
Yániz JL, Marco-Aguado MA, Mateos JA, Santolaria P. Bacterial contamination of ram semen, antibiotic sensitivities, and effects on sperm quality during storage at 15°C. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;122(1-2):142–9.
Farombi EO, Ugwuezunmba MC, Ezenwadu TT, Oyeyemi MO, Ekor M. Tetracycline-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats: effects of vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008;60(1):77–85.
Drobnis EZ, Nangia AK. Antimicrobials and Male Reproduction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1034:131-161. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_10. PMID: 29256130.
Drumond AL, Weng CC, Wang G, Chiarini-Garcia H, Eras-Garcia L, Meistrich ML. Effects of multiple doses of cyclophosphamide on mouse testes: Accessing the germ cells lost, and the functional damage of stem cells. Reprod Toxicol. 2011;32(4):395–406.
Levine J. Fertility preservation in children and adolescents with cancer. Minerva Pediatr. 2011;63(1):49–59.
Marquis A, Kuehni CE, Strippoli MP, Kühne T, Brazzola P. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. Sperm analysis of patients after successful treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55(1):208–10.
Attia SM, Badary OA, Hamada FM, Hrabé de Angelis M, Adler ID. The chemotherapeutic agents nocodazole and amsacrine cause meiotic delay and non-disjunction in spermatocytes of mice. Mutat Res. 2008;651(1-2):105–13.
Levine J. Fertility preservation in children and adolescents with cancer. Minerva Pediatr. 2011;63(1):49–59.
Rajender S, Monica MG, Walter L, Agarwal A. Thyroid, spermatogenesis, and male infertility. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011;3:843–55.
Tan RS, Scally MC. Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism--towards a unified hypothesis of anabolic steroid action. Med Hypotheses. 2009;72(6):723–8.
Bonetti A, Tirelli F, Catapano A, Dazzi D, Dei Cas A, Solito F, et al. Side effects of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse. Int J Sports Med. 2008;29(8):679–87.
Lombardo F, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Gilio B, Gandini L, Dondero F, et al. Androgens and fertility. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(3 Suppl):51–5.
Pomara G, Morelli G, Canale D, Turchi P, Cag-lieresi C, Moschini C, et al. Alterations in sperm motility after acute oral administration of sildenafil or tadalafil in young, infertile men. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(4):860–5.
Dimitriadis F, Tsambalas S, Tsounapi P, Kawamura H, Vlachopoulou E, Haliasos N, et al. Effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on Leydig cell secretory function in oligoasthenospermic infertile men: a randomized trial. BJU Int. 2010;106(8):1181–5.
Safarinejad MR. Effect of pentoxifylline on semen parameters, reproductive hormones, and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in men with idiopathic infertility: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43(2):315–28.
Mietens A, Tasch S, Feuerstacke C, Eichner G, Volkmann J, Schermuly RT, et al. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition, ANP and NO rapidly reduce epididymal duct contractions, but long-term PDE5 inhibition in vivo does not. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;349(2):145–53.
Dimitriadis F, Tsampalas S, Tsounapi P, Giannakis D, Chaliasos N, Baltogiannis D, et al. Effects of phosphordiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil on tes-ticular androgen-binding protein secretion, the maintenance of foci of advanced spermatogenesis and the sperm fertilising capacity in azoospermic men. Andrologia. 2011 Jul 27
Glenn DR, McClure N, Cosby SL, Stevenson M, Lewis SE. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) impairs fertilization and early embryo development in mice. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(3):893–9.
Glenn DR, McVicar CM, McClure N, Lewis SE. Sildenafil citrate improves sperm motility but causes a premature acrosome reaction in vitro. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(5):1064–70.
Thonneau P, Marchand S, Tallec A, Ferial ML, Ducot B, Lansac J, et al. Incidence and main causes of infertility in a resident population (1,850,000) of three French regions (1988-1989) Hum Reprod. 1991;6(6):811–6.
Wong EW, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32(5):290–9.
Lee Hee Y. Expenence with 3,520 infertile male patients and a clinical perspective. Seoul J Med. 1986;27(1):1–18.
Pollack MH, Reiter S, Hammerness P. Genitourinary and sexual adverse effects of psychotropic medication. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1992;22(4):305–27.
Hendrick V, Gitlin M, Altshuler L, Korenman S. Antidepressant medications, mood and male fertility. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000;25(1):37–51.
Steiger A, von Bardeleben U, Wiedemann K, Holsboer F. Sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of testosterone and cortisol in patients with major endogenous depression during acute phase and after remission. J Psychiatr Res. 1991;25(4):169–77.
Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression VIII. Pituitary-gonadal axis activity in male patients and matched control subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14(3):217–29.
Davies RH, Harris B, Thomas DR, Cook N, Read G, Riad-Fahmy D. Salivary testosterone levels and major depressive illness in men. Br J Psychiatry. 1992;161:629–32.
Tanrikut C, Feldman AS, Altemus M, Paduch DA, Schlegel PN. Adverse effect of paroxetine on sperm. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(3):1021–6.
Relwani R, Berger D, Santoro N, Hickmon C, Nihsen M, Zapantis A, et al. Semen parameters are unrelated to BMI but vary with SSRI use and prior urological surgery. Reprod Sci. 2011;18(4):391–7.
Kumar VS, Sharma VL, Tiwari P, Singh D, Maikhuri JP, Gupta G, et al. The spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities of SSRI antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006;16(9):2509–12.
Lu S, Zhao Y, Hu J, Li X, Zhang H, You L, et al. Combined use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for temporary ejaculation failure in couple undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(5):1806–8.
Beeder LA, Samplaski MK. Effect of antidepressant medications on semen parameters and male fertility. Int J Urol. 2020 Jan;27(1):39-46. doi: 10.1111/iju.14111. Epub 2019 Sep 21. PMID: 31542895.
Aaberg RA, Sauer MV, Sikka S, Rajfer J. Effects of extracellular ionized calcium, diltiazem and cAMP on motility of human spermatozoa. J Urol. 1989;141(5):1221–4.
Kanwar U, Anand RJ, Sanyal SN. The effect of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on human spermatozoal functions. Contraception. 1993;48(5):453–70.
Benoff S, Cooper GW, Hurley I, Mandel FS, Rosenfeld DL, Scholl GM, et al. The effect of calcium ion channel blockers on sperm fertilization potential. Fertil Steril. 1994;62(3):606–17.
Turner P. Recent observations on drugs and human fertility. Postgrad Med J. 1988;64(754):578–80.
Katsoff D, Check JH. A challenge to the concept that the use of calcium channel blockers causes reversible male infertility. Hum Reprod. 1997;12(7):1480–2.
Benoff S, Cooper GW, Hurley I, Mandel FS, Rosenfeld DL, Scholl GM, Gilbert BR, Hershlag A. The effect of calcium ion channel blockers on sperm fertilization potential. Fertil Steril. 1994 Sep;62(3):606-17. PMID: 8062958.
Hershlag A, Cooper GW, Benoff S. Pregnancy following discontinuation of a calcium channel blocker in the male partner. Hum Reprod. 1995 Mar;10(3):599-606. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135996. PMID: 7782439.
Hellstrom WJ, Sikka SC. Effects of acute treatment with tamsulosin versus alfuzosin on ejaculatory function in normal volunteers. J Urol. 2006;176(4 Pt 1):1529–33.
Hellstrom WJ, Sikka SC. Effects of alfuzosin and tamsulosin on sperm parameters in healthy men: results of a short-term, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Androl. 2009;30(4):469–74.
Andersson KE, Wyllie MG. Ejaculatory dysfunction: why all alpha-blockers are not equal. BJU Int. 2003;92(9):876–7.
Hatsuki* Hibi, Masanori Yamamoto, Koji Miyake. Effects of Alpha-Blocker on Sperm Concentration, Motility, Intraluminal Pressure and Fluid Movement in the Rat Cauda Epididymis, The Journal of Urology, Volume 154, Issue 2, 1995, Pages 606-610
Herzog AG, Seibel MM, Schomer DL, Vaitukaitis JL, Geschwind N. Reproductive endocrine disorders in men with partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Arch Neurol. 1986;43(4):347–50.
Shechter-Amir D, Yavetz H, Homonnai TZ, Huberman M, Cohn DF. Semen parameters among epileptic males treated with carbamazepine. Isr J Med Sci. 1993;29(10):648–9.
Taneja N, Kucheria K, Jain S, Maheshwari MC. Effect of phenytoin on semen. Epilepsia. 1994;35(1):136–40.
Hayashi T, Yoshida S, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Ishii N, Yamada T. Improvement of oligoasthenozoospermia in epileptic patients on switching anti-epilepsy medication from sodium valproate to phenytoin. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2005;39(5):431–2.
Hayashi T, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Ishii N, Kamata S, Watanabe T, et al. Asthenozoospermia: possible association with long-term exposure to an anti-epileptic drug of carbamazepine. Int J Urol. 2005;12(1):113–4.
Hayashi T, Yoshinaga A, Ohno R, Ishii N, Kamata S, Watanabe T, et al. Asthenozoospermia: possible association with long-term exposure to an anti-epileptic drug of carbamazepine. Int J Urol. 2005;12(1):113–4.
Isojärvi JI, Löfgren E, Juntunen KS, Pakarinen AJ, Päivänsalo M, Rautakorpi I, Tuomivaara L. Effect of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on male reproductive health. Neurology. 2004 Jan 27;62(2):247-53. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000098936.46730.64. PMID: 14745062.
Ahmad G, Moinard N, Jouanolou V, Daudin M, Gandia P, Bujan L. In vitro assessment of the adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs on the human male gamete. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011;25(2):485–91.
van Leeuwen E, Wit FW, Repping S, Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK, Reiss P, van der Veen F, et al. Effects of antiretroviral therapy on semen quality. AIDS. 2008;22(5):637–42.
Kehl S, Weigel M, Müller D, Gentili M, Horne-mann A, Sütterlin M. HIV-infection and modern antiretroviral therapy impair sperm quality. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;284(1):229–33.
Nicopoullos JD, Almeida P, Vourliotis M, Goulding R, Gilling-Smith C. A decade of sperm washing: clinical correlates of successful insemination outcome. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(8):1869–76.
Am J Mens Health. 2018 Nov; 12(6): 1835–1842. Published online 2018 Aug 22. doi: 10.1177/1557988318794282 PMCID: PMC6199444PMID: 30132391. Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Sperm DNA Integrity of HIV-1-Infected Men. Valeria Savasi, Monica Oneta, Arianna Laoreti, Francesca Parisi, Bina Parrilla, Piergiorgio Duca, and Irene Cetin
Haidl G, Allam JP, Schuppe HC. Chronic epididymitis: impact on semen parameters and therapeutic options. Andrologia. 2008;40(2):92–6.
Cai T, Wagenlehner FM, Mazzoli S, Meacci F, Mondaini N, Nesi G, et al. Semen Quality in Pa-tients with Chlamydia Trachomatis Genital Infection Treated Concurrently with Prulifoxacin and a Phytotherapeutic Agent. J Androl. 2011 Oct 6
Yániz JL, Marco-Aguado MA, Mateos JA, Santolaria P. Bacterial contamination of ram semen, antibiotic sensitivities, and effects on sperm quality during storage at 15°C. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;122(1-2):142–9.
Farombi EO, Ugwuezunmba MC, Ezenwadu TT, Oyeyemi MO, Ekor M. Tetracycline-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats: effects of vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008;60(1):77–85.
Drobnis EZ, Nangia AK. Antimicrobials and Male Reproduction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1034:131-161. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_10. PMID: 29256130.
Drumond AL, Weng CC, Wang G, Chiarini-Garcia H, Eras-Garcia L, Meistrich ML. Effects of multiple doses of cyclophosphamide on mouse testes: Accessing the germ cells lost, and the functional damage of stem cells. Reprod Toxicol. 2011;32(4):395–406.
Levine J. Fertility preservation in children and adolescents with cancer. Minerva Pediatr. 2011;63(1):49–59.
Marquis A, Kuehni CE, Strippoli MP, Kühne T, Brazzola P. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. Sperm analysis of patients after successful treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55(1):208–10.
Attia SM, Badary OA, Hamada FM, Hrabé de Angelis M, Adler ID. The chemotherapeutic agents nocodazole and amsacrine cause meiotic delay and non-disjunction in spermatocytes of mice. Mutat Res. 2008;651(1-2):105–13.
Levine J. Fertility preservation in children and adolescents with cancer. Minerva Pediatr. 2011;63(1):49–59.
Rajender S, Monica MG, Walter L, Agarwal A. Thyroid, spermatogenesis, and male infertility. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011;3:843–55.
Tan RS, Scally MC. Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism--towards a unified hypothesis of anabolic steroid action. Med Hypotheses. 2009;72(6):723–8.
Bonetti A, Tirelli F, Catapano A, Dazzi D, Dei Cas A, Solito F, et al. Side effects of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse. Int J Sports Med. 2008;29(8):679–87.
Lombardo F, Sgrò P, Salacone P, Gilio B, Gandini L, Dondero F, et al. Androgens and fertility. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(3 Suppl):51–5.
Pomara G, Morelli G, Canale D, Turchi P, Cag-lieresi C, Moschini C, et al. Alterations in sperm motility after acute oral administration of sildenafil or tadalafil in young, infertile men. Fertil Steril. 2007;88(4):860–5.
Dimitriadis F, Tsambalas S, Tsounapi P, Kawamura H, Vlachopoulou E, Haliasos N, et al. Effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on Leydig cell secretory function in oligoasthenospermic infertile men: a randomized trial. BJU Int. 2010;106(8):1181–5.
Safarinejad MR. Effect of pentoxifylline on semen parameters, reproductive hormones, and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in men with idiopathic infertility: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011;43(2):315–28.
Mietens A, Tasch S, Feuerstacke C, Eichner G, Volkmann J, Schermuly RT, et al. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition, ANP and NO rapidly reduce epididymal duct contractions, but long-term PDE5 inhibition in vivo does not. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;349(2):145–53.
Dimitriadis F, Tsampalas S, Tsounapi P, Giannakis D, Chaliasos N, Baltogiannis D, et al. Effects of phosphordiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil on tes-ticular androgen-binding protein secretion, the maintenance of foci of advanced spermatogenesis and the sperm fertilising capacity in azoospermic men. Andrologia. 2011 Jul 27
Glenn DR, McClure N, Cosby SL, Stevenson M, Lewis SE. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) impairs fertilization and early embryo development in mice. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(3):893–9.
Glenn DR, McVicar CM, McClure N, Lewis SE. Sildenafil citrate improves sperm motility but causes a premature acrosome reaction in vitro. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(5):1064–70.
Pages
101-108
Published
April 30, 2024
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Eryılmaz R, Sarıhan MH. Çeşitli İlaçların Erkek İnfertilitesine Etkisi. In: Turgut H, editor. Güncel Üroloji Çalışmaları V (Bahar) [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 101-8. Available from: https://www.omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3059/chapter/13466
