Polietereterketon Polimeri ve Uygulanan Yüzey İşlemleri
Synopsis
Polietereterketon (PEEK), düşük elastik modülü ve yüksek kırılma stresi direnci nedeniyle sabit ve hareketli protezler için popüler bir substrat malzemesidir. Ancak grimsi-kahverengi veya opak-beyaz rengi, özellikle anterior bölgede estetik monolitik restorasyonlar için kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, PEEK sabit bir protez alt yapısı olarak kullanıldığında, estetik çekiciliğini artırmak için kompozit rezin ile veneerlenmelidir.
PEEK ve kompozit rezin arasındaki bağlanma süreci, PEEK'in düşük yüzey enerjisi ve kimyasal direnci nedeniyle engellenir ve bu da klinik kullanımda bir zorluk olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu sorunu ele almak için, yüzey işlemleri yoluyla PEEK'in yüzey pürüzlülüğünün artırılması önerilir. Bu, kompozit malzemenin nüfuz etmesine izin veren ve sonuçta ortaya çıkan yapışma ve bağlanma gücünü artıran mikroretentif alanlar yaratacaktır. Yüzey pürüzlülüğünün yüzey gerilimini azalttığı, ıslanabilirliği ve yüzey alanını artırdığı ve mikromekanik yapışmayı geliştirdiği gösterilmiştir.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a popular substrate material for fixed and removable prostheses due to its low elastic modulus and high fracture stress resistance. However, its grayish-brown or opaque-white color restricts its use for aesthetic monolithic restorations, particularly in the anterior region. Therefore, when PEEK is used as a fixed prosthetic substructure, it must be veneered with composite resin to improve its aesthetic appeal.
The bonding process between PEEK and composite resin is hindered by the low surface energy and chemical resistance of PEEK, which remains a challenge in clinical use. To address this issue, it is recommended to increase the surface roughness of PEEK through surface treatments. This will create microretentive areas that allow the composite material to penetrate and improve the resulting adhesion and bond strength. Surface roughness has been shown to decrease surface tension, increase wettability and surface area, and enhance micromechanical adhesion.
References
Stawarczyk B, Thrun H, Eichberger M, Roos M, Edelhoff D, Schweiger J, et al. Effect of different surface pretreatments and adhesives on the load-bearing capacity of veneered 3-unit PEEK FDPs. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2015;114(5):666-73.
Keul C, Liebermann A, Schmidlin PR, Roos M, Sener B, Stawarczyk B. Influence of PEEK surface modification on surface properties and bond strength to veneering resin composites. J Adhes Dent. 2014;16(4):383-92.
Fan J, Tsui CP, Tang CY, Chow C. Influence of interphase layer on the overall elasto-plastic behaviors of HA/PEEK biocomposite. Biomaterials. 2004;25(23):5363-73.
Chaijareenont P, Prakhamsai S, Silthampitag P, Takahashi H, Arksornnukit M. Effects of different sulfuric acid etching concentrations on PEEK surface bonding to resin composite. Dental materials journal. 2018;37(3):385-92.
Kurtz SM. An overview of PEEK biomaterials. PEEK biomaterials handbook. 2012:1-7.
Eschbach L. Nonresorbable polymers in bone surgery. Injury. 2000;31:D22-D7.
SKINNER HB. Composite technology for total hip arthroplasty. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 1988;235:224-36.
Rosentritt M, Preis V, Behr M, Sereno N, Kolbeck C. Shear bond strength between veneering composite and PEEK after different surface modifications. Clinical oral investigations. 2015;19:739-44.
Hassan AH, Al-Judy HJ, Fatalla AA. Biomechanical effect of nitrogen plasma treatment of polyetheretherketone dental implant in comparison to commercially pure titanium. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2018;6(2):367.
Stawarczyk B, Keul C, Beuer F, Roos M, Schmidlin PR. Tensile bond strength of veneering resins to PEEK: impact of different adhesives. Dental materials journal. 2013;32(3):441-8.
Ha S-W, Kirch M, Birchler F, Eckert K-L, Mayer J, Wintermantel E, et al. Surface activation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and formation of calcium phosphate coatings by precipitation. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 1997;8:683-90.
Pai SA, Kumari S, Umamaheswari B, Jyothi M, Lakshmi CS. Polyetheretherketone in prosthodontics–A review. Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights. 2019;6:24-6.
Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F. Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics. Journal of prosthodontic research. 2016;60(1):12-9.
Turner JL, Paller DJ, Murrell CB. The mechanical effect of commercially pure titanium and polyetheretherketone rods on spinal implants at the operative and adjacent levels. Spine. 2010;35(21):E1076-E82.
JW B. A carbon fiber implant to aid interbody lumbar fusion: mechanical testing. Spine. 1991;16(6):277-82.
Gornet MF, Chan FW, Coleman JC, Murrell B, Nockels RP, Taylor BA, et al. Biomechanical assessment of a PEEK rod system for semi-rigid fixation of lumbar fusion constructs. 2011.
Joglekar AP, Liu H-h, Meyhöfer E, Mourou G, Hunt AJ. Optics at critical intensity: Applications to nanomorphing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004;101(16):5856-61.
Guo Y, Chen S, Wang J, Lu B. Medical applications of polyether ether ketone. Translational Surgery. 2018;3(1):12-.
Macdonald ML, Samuel RE, Shah NJ, Padera RF, Beben YM, Hammond PT. Tissue integration of growth factor-eluting layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte multilayer coated implants. Biomaterials. 2011;32(5):1446-53.
Sinha N, Gupta N, Reddy KM, Shastry Y. Versatility of PEEK as a fixed partial denture framework. The journal of the indian prosthodontic society. 2017;17(1):80.
Stawarczyk B, Beuer F, Wimmer T, Jahn D, Sener B, Roos M, et al. Polyetheretherketone—a suitable material for fixed dental prostheses? Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials. 2013;101(7):1209-16.
Kurtz SM, Devine JN. PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants. Biomaterials. 2007;28(32):4845-69.
Rahmitasari F, Ishida Y, Kurahashi K, Matsuda T, Watanabe M, Ichikawa T. PEEK with reinforced materials and modifications for dental implant applications. Dentistry journal. 2017;5(4):35.
Den Hengst WA, Hendriks JM, Balduyck B, Rodrigus I, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, et al. Phase II multicenter clinical trial of pulmonary metastasectomy and isolated lung perfusion with melphalan in patients with resectable lung metastases. Journal of thoracic oncology. 2014;9(10):1547-53.
Schwitalla AD, Zimmermann T, Spintig T, Kallage I, Müller W-D. Fatigue limits of different PEEK materials for dental implants. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2017;69:163-8.
Barão VA, Mathew MT, Assunção WG, Yuan JCC, Wimmer MA, Sukotjo C. Stability of cp‐Ti and Ti‐6 Al‐4 V alloy for dental implants as a function of saliva pH–an electrochemical study. Clinical oral implants research. 2012;23(9):1055-62.
Zoidis P, Bakiri E, Polyzois G. Using modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an alternative material for endocrown restorations: A short-term clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2017;117(3):335-9.
Wang S, Li Z, Ye H, Zhao W, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Preliminary clinical evaluation of traditional and a new digital PEEK occlusal splints for the management of sleep bruxism. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;47(12):1530-7.
Benli M, Eker Gümüş B, Kahraman Y, Gökçen-Rohlig B, Evlioğlu G, Huck O, et al. Surface roughness and wear behavior of occlusal splint materials made of contemporary and high-performance polymers. Odontology. 2020;108:240-50.
Schwitalla AD, Spintig T, Kallage I, Müller W-D. Flexural behavior of PEEK materials for dental application. Dental Materials. 2015;31(11):1377-84.
Lee K-S, Shin M-S, Lee J-Y, Ryu J-J, Shin S-W. Shear bond strength of composite resin to high performance polymer PEKK according to surface treatments and bonding materials. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2017;9(5):350-7.
Taufall S, Eichberger M, Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B. Fracture load and failure types of different veneered polyetheretherketone fixed dental prostheses. Clinical oral investigations. 2016;20:2493-500.
Maekawa M, Kanno Z, Wada T, Hongo T, Doi H, Hanawa T, et al. Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires made of super engineering plastic. Dental materials journal. 2015;34(1):114-9.
Stawarczyk B, Bähr N, Beuer F, Wimmer T, Eichberger M, Gernet W, et al. Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone. Clinical oral investigations. 2014;18:163-70.
Çulhaoğlu AK, Özkır SE, Şahin V, Yılmaz B, Kılıçarslan MA. Effect of various treatment modalities on surface characteristics and shear bond strengths of polyetheretherketone‐based core materials. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2020;29(2):136-41.
Hallmann L, Mehl A, Sereno N, Hämmerle CH. The improvement of adhesive properties of PEEK through different pre-treatments. Applied Surface Science. 2012;258(18):7213-8.
Silthampitag P, Chaijareenont P, Tattakorn K, Banjongprasert C, Takahashi H, Arksornnukit M. Effect of surface pretreatments on resin composite bonding to PEEK. Dental materials journal. 2016;35(4):668-74.
Amaral R, Özcan M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to glass infiltrated zirconia-reinforced ceramic: the effect of surface conditioning. Dental Materials. 2006;22(3):283-90.
Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B, Wieland M, Attin T, Hämmerle CH, Fischer J. Effect of different surface pre-treatments and luting materials on shear bond strength to PEEK. Dental materials. 2010;26(6):553-9.
Jahandideh Y, Falahchai M, Pourkhalili H. Effect of surface treatment with Er: YAG and CO2 lasers on shear bond strength of polyether ether ketone to composite resin veneers. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2020;11(2):153.
Shukla PK, Eliasson B. Nonlinear aspects of quantum plasma physics. Physics-Uspekhi. 2010;53(1):51.
Wiącek AE, Dul K. Effect of surface modification on starch/phospholipid wettability. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2015;480:351-9.
Udpa N, Iyer SR, Rajoria R, Breyer KE, Valentine H, Singh B, et al. Effects of chitosan coatings on polypropylene mesh for implantation in a rat abdominal wall model. Tissue Engineering Part A. 2013;19(23-24):2713-23.
Coessens V, Pintauer T, Matyjaszewski K. Functional polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization. Progress in polymer science. 2001;26(3):337-77.
Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. European journal of oral sciences. 1997;105(2):97-116.
Lee T, Guymon C, Jönsson ES, Hoyle CE. The effect of monomer structure on oxygen inhibition of (meth) acrylates photopolymerization. Polymer. 2004;45(18):6155-62.
Salz U, Zimmermann J, Zeuner F, Moszner N. Hydrolytic stability of self-etching adhesive systems. J Adhes Dent. 2005;7(2):107-16.
Nishiyama N, Suzuki K, Yoshida H, Teshima H, Nemoto K. Hydrolytic stability of methacrylamide in acidic aqueous solution. Biomaterials. 2004;25(6):965-9.
Andreasson H, Boman A, Johnsson S, Karlsson S, Barregård L. On permeability of methyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate through protective gloves in dentistry. European journal of oral sciences. 2003;111(6):529-35.
Uhrenbacher J, Schmidlin PR, Keul C, Eichberger M, Roos M, Gernet W, et al. The effect of surface modification on the retention strength of polyetheretherketone crowns adhesively bonded to dentin abutments. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2014;112(6):1489-97.
Takahashi M, Nakajima M, Hosaka K, Ikeda M, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Long-term evaluation of water sorption and ultimate tensile strength of HEMA-containing/-free one-step self-etch adhesives. Journal of Dentistry. 2011;39(7):506-12.
Sideridou I, Tserki V, Papanastasiou G. Effect of chemical structure on degree of conversion in light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. Biomaterials. 2002;23(8):1819-29.
Keul C, Liebermann A, Schmidlin PR, Roos M, Sener B, Stawarczyk B. Influence of PEEK surface modification on surface properties and bond strength to veneering resin composites. J Adhes Dent. 2014;16(4):383-92.
Fan J, Tsui CP, Tang CY, Chow C. Influence of interphase layer on the overall elasto-plastic behaviors of HA/PEEK biocomposite. Biomaterials. 2004;25(23):5363-73.
Chaijareenont P, Prakhamsai S, Silthampitag P, Takahashi H, Arksornnukit M. Effects of different sulfuric acid etching concentrations on PEEK surface bonding to resin composite. Dental materials journal. 2018;37(3):385-92.
Kurtz SM. An overview of PEEK biomaterials. PEEK biomaterials handbook. 2012:1-7.
Eschbach L. Nonresorbable polymers in bone surgery. Injury. 2000;31:D22-D7.
SKINNER HB. Composite technology for total hip arthroplasty. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®. 1988;235:224-36.
Rosentritt M, Preis V, Behr M, Sereno N, Kolbeck C. Shear bond strength between veneering composite and PEEK after different surface modifications. Clinical oral investigations. 2015;19:739-44.
Hassan AH, Al-Judy HJ, Fatalla AA. Biomechanical effect of nitrogen plasma treatment of polyetheretherketone dental implant in comparison to commercially pure titanium. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2018;6(2):367.
Stawarczyk B, Keul C, Beuer F, Roos M, Schmidlin PR. Tensile bond strength of veneering resins to PEEK: impact of different adhesives. Dental materials journal. 2013;32(3):441-8.
Ha S-W, Kirch M, Birchler F, Eckert K-L, Mayer J, Wintermantel E, et al. Surface activation of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and formation of calcium phosphate coatings by precipitation. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 1997;8:683-90.
Pai SA, Kumari S, Umamaheswari B, Jyothi M, Lakshmi CS. Polyetheretherketone in prosthodontics–A review. Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights. 2019;6:24-6.
Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F. Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics. Journal of prosthodontic research. 2016;60(1):12-9.
Turner JL, Paller DJ, Murrell CB. The mechanical effect of commercially pure titanium and polyetheretherketone rods on spinal implants at the operative and adjacent levels. Spine. 2010;35(21):E1076-E82.
JW B. A carbon fiber implant to aid interbody lumbar fusion: mechanical testing. Spine. 1991;16(6):277-82.
Gornet MF, Chan FW, Coleman JC, Murrell B, Nockels RP, Taylor BA, et al. Biomechanical assessment of a PEEK rod system for semi-rigid fixation of lumbar fusion constructs. 2011.
Joglekar AP, Liu H-h, Meyhöfer E, Mourou G, Hunt AJ. Optics at critical intensity: Applications to nanomorphing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004;101(16):5856-61.
Guo Y, Chen S, Wang J, Lu B. Medical applications of polyether ether ketone. Translational Surgery. 2018;3(1):12-.
Macdonald ML, Samuel RE, Shah NJ, Padera RF, Beben YM, Hammond PT. Tissue integration of growth factor-eluting layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte multilayer coated implants. Biomaterials. 2011;32(5):1446-53.
Sinha N, Gupta N, Reddy KM, Shastry Y. Versatility of PEEK as a fixed partial denture framework. The journal of the indian prosthodontic society. 2017;17(1):80.
Stawarczyk B, Beuer F, Wimmer T, Jahn D, Sener B, Roos M, et al. Polyetheretherketone—a suitable material for fixed dental prostheses? Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials. 2013;101(7):1209-16.
Kurtz SM, Devine JN. PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants. Biomaterials. 2007;28(32):4845-69.
Rahmitasari F, Ishida Y, Kurahashi K, Matsuda T, Watanabe M, Ichikawa T. PEEK with reinforced materials and modifications for dental implant applications. Dentistry journal. 2017;5(4):35.
Den Hengst WA, Hendriks JM, Balduyck B, Rodrigus I, Vermorken JB, Lardon F, et al. Phase II multicenter clinical trial of pulmonary metastasectomy and isolated lung perfusion with melphalan in patients with resectable lung metastases. Journal of thoracic oncology. 2014;9(10):1547-53.
Schwitalla AD, Zimmermann T, Spintig T, Kallage I, Müller W-D. Fatigue limits of different PEEK materials for dental implants. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials. 2017;69:163-8.
Barão VA, Mathew MT, Assunção WG, Yuan JCC, Wimmer MA, Sukotjo C. Stability of cp‐Ti and Ti‐6 Al‐4 V alloy for dental implants as a function of saliva pH–an electrochemical study. Clinical oral implants research. 2012;23(9):1055-62.
Zoidis P, Bakiri E, Polyzois G. Using modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as an alternative material for endocrown restorations: A short-term clinical report. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2017;117(3):335-9.
Wang S, Li Z, Ye H, Zhao W, Liu Y, Zhou Y. Preliminary clinical evaluation of traditional and a new digital PEEK occlusal splints for the management of sleep bruxism. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2020;47(12):1530-7.
Benli M, Eker Gümüş B, Kahraman Y, Gökçen-Rohlig B, Evlioğlu G, Huck O, et al. Surface roughness and wear behavior of occlusal splint materials made of contemporary and high-performance polymers. Odontology. 2020;108:240-50.
Schwitalla AD, Spintig T, Kallage I, Müller W-D. Flexural behavior of PEEK materials for dental application. Dental Materials. 2015;31(11):1377-84.
Lee K-S, Shin M-S, Lee J-Y, Ryu J-J, Shin S-W. Shear bond strength of composite resin to high performance polymer PEKK according to surface treatments and bonding materials. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2017;9(5):350-7.
Taufall S, Eichberger M, Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B. Fracture load and failure types of different veneered polyetheretherketone fixed dental prostheses. Clinical oral investigations. 2016;20:2493-500.
Maekawa M, Kanno Z, Wada T, Hongo T, Doi H, Hanawa T, et al. Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires made of super engineering plastic. Dental materials journal. 2015;34(1):114-9.
Stawarczyk B, Bähr N, Beuer F, Wimmer T, Eichberger M, Gernet W, et al. Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone. Clinical oral investigations. 2014;18:163-70.
Çulhaoğlu AK, Özkır SE, Şahin V, Yılmaz B, Kılıçarslan MA. Effect of various treatment modalities on surface characteristics and shear bond strengths of polyetheretherketone‐based core materials. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2020;29(2):136-41.
Hallmann L, Mehl A, Sereno N, Hämmerle CH. The improvement of adhesive properties of PEEK through different pre-treatments. Applied Surface Science. 2012;258(18):7213-8.
Silthampitag P, Chaijareenont P, Tattakorn K, Banjongprasert C, Takahashi H, Arksornnukit M. Effect of surface pretreatments on resin composite bonding to PEEK. Dental materials journal. 2016;35(4):668-74.
Amaral R, Özcan M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to glass infiltrated zirconia-reinforced ceramic: the effect of surface conditioning. Dental Materials. 2006;22(3):283-90.
Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B, Wieland M, Attin T, Hämmerle CH, Fischer J. Effect of different surface pre-treatments and luting materials on shear bond strength to PEEK. Dental materials. 2010;26(6):553-9.
Jahandideh Y, Falahchai M, Pourkhalili H. Effect of surface treatment with Er: YAG and CO2 lasers on shear bond strength of polyether ether ketone to composite resin veneers. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2020;11(2):153.
Shukla PK, Eliasson B. Nonlinear aspects of quantum plasma physics. Physics-Uspekhi. 2010;53(1):51.
Wiącek AE, Dul K. Effect of surface modification on starch/phospholipid wettability. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2015;480:351-9.
Udpa N, Iyer SR, Rajoria R, Breyer KE, Valentine H, Singh B, et al. Effects of chitosan coatings on polypropylene mesh for implantation in a rat abdominal wall model. Tissue Engineering Part A. 2013;19(23-24):2713-23.
Coessens V, Pintauer T, Matyjaszewski K. Functional polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization. Progress in polymer science. 2001;26(3):337-77.
Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. European journal of oral sciences. 1997;105(2):97-116.
Lee T, Guymon C, Jönsson ES, Hoyle CE. The effect of monomer structure on oxygen inhibition of (meth) acrylates photopolymerization. Polymer. 2004;45(18):6155-62.
Salz U, Zimmermann J, Zeuner F, Moszner N. Hydrolytic stability of self-etching adhesive systems. J Adhes Dent. 2005;7(2):107-16.
Nishiyama N, Suzuki K, Yoshida H, Teshima H, Nemoto K. Hydrolytic stability of methacrylamide in acidic aqueous solution. Biomaterials. 2004;25(6):965-9.
Andreasson H, Boman A, Johnsson S, Karlsson S, Barregård L. On permeability of methyl methacrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate through protective gloves in dentistry. European journal of oral sciences. 2003;111(6):529-35.
Uhrenbacher J, Schmidlin PR, Keul C, Eichberger M, Roos M, Gernet W, et al. The effect of surface modification on the retention strength of polyetheretherketone crowns adhesively bonded to dentin abutments. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2014;112(6):1489-97.
Takahashi M, Nakajima M, Hosaka K, Ikeda M, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Long-term evaluation of water sorption and ultimate tensile strength of HEMA-containing/-free one-step self-etch adhesives. Journal of Dentistry. 2011;39(7):506-12.
Sideridou I, Tserki V, Papanastasiou G. Effect of chemical structure on degree of conversion in light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. Biomaterials. 2002;23(8):1819-29.
Pages
43-54
Published
April 30, 2024
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Arslan E, Çağlar İ. Polietereterketon Polimeri ve Uygulanan Yüzey İşlemleri. In: Kesim B, editor. Güncel Protetik Diş Tedavisi Çalışmaları VI (Bahar) [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 43-54. Available from: https://www.omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3057/chapter/13608
