Endodontide Nikel- Titanyum Eğeler
Özet
Kök kanal tedavisinde kullanılan nikel-titanyum (NiTi) aletlerin çeşitli özelliklerini, kullanımını ve avantajlarını/dezavantajlarını ele almaktadır. NiTi alaşımlarının şekil hafızası ve süperelastisite özellikleri vurgulanmakta; M-teli, CM-teli ve R-faz metallerinin özellikleri ve endodontide kullanımı açıklanmaktadır. Makale ayrıca, asimetrik ve resiprokasyon hareketli aletlerin debris ekstrüzyonu, kesme etkinliği, döngüsel ve torsiyonel yorgunluk, dentin defektleri ve kök kanal transportasyonu üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmekte, çeşitli çalışmaların sonuçlarını ve farklı yaklaşımları karşılaştırmaktadır. NiTi aletlerin avantajlarına rağmen, kırılma riskinin dikkate alınması gerektiği ve daha fazla standardizasyonun faydalı olacağı vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, kök kanal tedavisindeki gelişmeleri ve gelecekteki araştırmaların yönünü göstermektedir.
This article discusses the various properties, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments used in root canal treatment. It emphasizes the shape memory and superelasticity properties of NiTi alloys, explaining the characteristics and endodontic applications of M-wire, CM-wire, and R-phase metals. The article further evaluates the effects of asymmetric and reciprocating instruments on debris extrusion, cutting efficiency, cyclic and torsional fatigue, dentin defects, and root canal transportation, comparing the findings of various studies and different approaches. While highlighting the advantages of NiTi instruments, it also stresses the need to consider the risk of fracture and suggests that further standardization would be beneficial. In conclusion, the article demonstrates advancements in root canal treatment and indicates directions for future research.
Referanslar
Cohen, S. and K.M. Hargreaves, Pathways of the Pulp. 2006: Elsevier Mosby.
Thompson, S.A. and P.M. Dummer, Shaping ability of Lightspeed rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals. Part 1. Journal of Endodontics; 1997; 23(11): 698-702.
Haapasalo, M. and Y. Shen, Evolution of nickel–titanium instruments: from past to future. Endodontic Topics; 2013; 29(1): 3-17.
Hülsmann, M., O.A. Peters, and P.M.H. Dummer, Mechanical preparation of root canals: shaping goals, techniques and means. Endodontic topics; 2005; 10(1): 30-76.
al-Omari, M.A., S. Bryant, and P.M. Dummer, Comparison of two stainless steel files to shape simulated root canals. International Endodontic Journal; 1997; 30(1): 35-45.
Gambill, J.M., M. Alder, and C.E. del Rio, Comparison of nickel-titanium and stainless steel hand-file instrumentation using computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics; 1996; 22(7): 369-75.
Walia, H.M., W.A. Brantley, and H. Gerstein, An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. Journal of Endodontics; 1988; 14(7): 346-51.
Bergmans, L., et al., A methodology for quantitative evaluation of root canal instrumentation using microcomputed tomography. International Endodontic Journal; 2001; 34(5): 390-8.
Wildey, W.L. and E.S. Senia, A new root canal instrument and instrumentation technique: a preliminary report. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology; 1989; 67(2): 198-207.
Kucukay, E.S., I. Kucukay, and B. Yılmaz, Kok Kanalı Sekillendirme Yontemleri. 2004, Istanbul: Promat.
Otsuka, K. and T. Kakeshita, Science and technology of shape-memory alloys: new developments. Mrs Bulletin; 2002; 27(02): 91-100.
Thompson, S.A., An overview of nickel-titanium alloys used in dentistry. International Endodontic Journal; 2000; 33(4): 297-310.
Cheung, G.S. and C.S. Liu, A retrospective study of endodontic treatment outcome between nickel-titanium rotary and stainless steel hand filing techniques. Journal of Endodontics; 2009; 35(7): 938-43.
da Cunha Peixoto, I.F., et al., Flexural fatigue and torsional resistance of ProFile GT and ProFile GT series X instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(4): 741-4.
Ye, J. and Y. Gao, Metallurgical characterization of M-Wire nickel-titanium shape memory alloy used for endodontic rotary instruments during low-cycle fatigue. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(1): 105-7.
Al-Hadlaq, S.M., F.A. Aljarbou, and R.I. AlThumairy, Evaluation of cyclic flexural fatigue of M-wire nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(2): 305-7.
Gutmann, J.L. and Y. Gao, Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface properties of nickel-titanium root canal instruments to enhance performance, durability and safety: a focused review. International Endodontic Journal; 2012; 45(2): 113-28.
Kavanagh, D. and P.J. Lumley, An in vitro evaluation of canal preparation using Profile .04 and .06 taper instruments. Endodontics Dental Traumatology; 1998; 14(1): 16-20.
Parashos, P., I. Gordon, and H.H. Messer, Factors influencing defects of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments after clinical use. Journal of Endodontics; 2004; 30(10): 722-5.
Parashos, P. and H.H. Messer, The diffusion of innovation in dentistry: a review using rotary nickel-titanium technology as an example. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology; 2006; 101(3): 395-401.
Pruett, J.P., D.J. Clement, and D.L. Carnes, Jr., Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 1997; 23(2): 77-85.
Siqueira, J.F., Jr., et al., Incidence of postoperative pain after intracanal procedures based on an antimicrobial strategy. Journal of Endodontics; 2002; 28(6): 457-60.
Burklein, S. and E. Schafer, Apically extruded debris with reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems; Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(6): 850-2.
Kocak, S., et al., Apical extrusion of debris using self-adjusting file, reciprocating single-file, and 2 rotary instrumentation systems. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(10): 1278-80.
Capar, I.D., et al., An in vitro comparison of apically extruded debris and instrumentation times with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, Twisted File Adaptive, and HyFlex instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(10): 1638-41.
Kocak, M.M., et al., Apical extrusion of debris using ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Next rotary systems. International Endodontic Journal; 2015; 48(3): 283-6.
Ozsu, D., et al., Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and self-adjusting file systems. European Journal Dentistry; 2014; 8(4): 504-8.
Capar, I.D., et al., Comparative study of different novel nickel-titanium rotary systems for root canal preparation in severely curved root canals. Journal of Endodontics od; 2014; 40(6): 852-6.
Peters, O.A. and F. Barbakow, Dynamic torque and apical forces of ProFile.04 rotary instruments during preparation of curved canals. International Endodontic Journal; 2002; 35(4): 379-89.
Sattapan, B., et al., Defects in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use. Journal of Endodontics; 2000; 26(3): 161-5.
Blum, J.Y., P. Machtou, and J.P. Micallef, Location of contact areas on rotary Profile instruments in relationship to the forces developed during mechanical preparation on extracted teeth. International Endodontic Journal; 1999; 32(2):108-14.
Diemer, F., et al., Effect of asymmetry on the behavior of prototype rotary triple helix root canal instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(6): 829-32.
Capar, I.D., H. Ertas, and H. Arslan, Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium coronal flaring instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1182-5.
Elnaghy, A.M., Cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Next nickel-titanium rotary files. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(11): 1034-9.
Nguyen, H.H., et al., Evaluation of the resistance to cyclic fatigue among ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal, and Vortex Blue rotary instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1190-3.
Perez-Higueras, J.J., et al., Differences in cyclic fatigue resistance between ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal instruments at different levels. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9):1477-81.
Kim, H.C., et al., Potential relationship between design of nickel-titanium rotary instruments and vertical root fracture. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(7): 1195-9.
Capar, I.D., et al., Effects of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and HyFlex instruments on crack formation in dentin. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9):1482-4.
Karatas, E., et al., Dentinal crack formation during root canal preparations by the twisted file adaptive, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal, and WaveOne instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2015; 41(2): 261-4.
Yoldas, O., et al., Dentinal microcrack formation during root canal preparations by different NiTi rotary instruments and the self-adjusting file. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(2): 232-5.
Burklein, S., T. Poschmann, and E. Schafer, Shaping ability of different nickel-titanium systems in simulated S-shaped canals with and without glide path. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1231-4.
Zhao, D., et al., Root canal preparation of mandibular molars with 3 nickel-titanium rotary instruments: a micro-computed tomographic study. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(11): 1860-4.
Saber Sel, D. and S.M. Abu El Sadat, Effect of altering the reciprocation range on the fatigue life and the shaping ability of WaveOne nickel-titanium instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(5): 685-8.
Kim, H.C., et al., Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of two new nickel-titanium instruments used in reciprocation motion: Reciproc versus WaveOne. Journal of Endodontics od; 2012; 38(4): 541-4.
Fidler, A., Kinematics of 2 reciprocating endodontic motors: the difference between actual and set values. Journal of Endodontics, 2014. 40(7): p. 990-4.
De-Deus, G., et al., Extended cyclic fatigue life of F2 ProTaper instruments used in reciprocating movement. International Endodontic Journal; 2010; 43(12): 1063-8.
Giuliani, V., et al., Shaping ability of waveone primary reciprocating files and ProTaper system used in continuous and reciprocating motion. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9): 1468-71.
Kansal, R., et al., Assessment of dentinal damage during canal preparation using reciprocating and rotary files. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9): 1443-6.
Paque, F., M. Zehnder, and G. De-Deus, Microtomography-based comparison of reciprocating single-file F2 ProTaper technique versus rotary full sequence. Journal of Endodontics; 2011; 37(10): 1394-7.
Perez-Higueras, J.J., A. Arias, and J.C. de la Macorra, Cyclic fatigue resistance of K3, K3XF, and twisted file nickel-titanium files under continuous rotation or reciprocating motion. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(12): 1585-8.
Stern, S., et al., Changes in centring and shaping ability using three nickel-titanium instrumentation techniques analysed by micro-computed tomography (muCT). International Endodontic Journal; 2012; 45(6): 514-23.
Varela-Patino, P., et al., Alternating versus continuous rotation: a comparative study of the effect on instrument life. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(1): 157-9.
Yared, G., Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. International Endodontic Journal; 2008; 41(4): 339-44.
You, S.Y., et al., Lifespan of one nickel-titanium rotary file with reciprocating motion in curved root canals. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(12): 1991-4.
You, S.Y., et al., Shaping ability of reciprocating motion in curved root canals: a comparative study with micro-computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics; 2011; 37(9): 1296-300.
Burklein, S., S. Benten, and E. Schafer, Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris with different single-file systems: Reciproc, F360 and OneShape versus Mtwo. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(5): 405-9.
De-Deus, G.A., et al., Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the self-adjusting file system. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(4): 526-9.
Tinoco, J.M., et al., Apical extrusion of bacteria when using reciprocating single-file and rotary multifile instrumentation systems. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(6): 560-6.
De-Deus, G., et al., Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the single-file ProTaper F2 technique under reciprocating movement. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics; 2010; 110(3): 390-4.
Robinson, J.P., et al., Reciprocating root canal technique induces greater debris accumulation than a continuous rotary technique as assessed by 3-dimensional micro-computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(8): 1067-70.
Caviedes-Bucheli, J., et al., The effect of single-file reciprocating systems on Substance P and Calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in human periodontal ligament. International Endodontic Journal; 2013; 46(5): 419-26.
Peters, O.A., et al., Determining cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium coronal flaring instruments used in lateral action. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(6): 505-13.
Schafer, E. and R. Lau, Comparison of cutting efficiency and instrumentation of curved canals with nickel-titanium and stainless-steel instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 1999; 25(6): 427-30.
Schafer, E. and M. Oitzinger, Cutting efficiency of five different types of rotary nickel-titanium instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2008; 34(2): 198-200.
Plotino, G., et al., Cutting efficiency of Reciproc and waveOne reciprocating instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1228-30.
Gambarini, G., et al., Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments produced with a new manufacturing technique. International Endodontic Journal; 2011; 44(4): 337-41.
Zhou, H.M., et al., Mechanical properties of controlled memory and superelastic nickel-titanium wires used in the manufacture of rotary endodontic instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(11): 1535-40.
De-Deus, G., et al., The ability of the Reciproc R25 instrument to reach the full root canal working length without a glide path. International Endodontic Journal; 2013; 46(10): 993-8.
Castello-Escriva, R., et al., In vitro comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper, WaveOne, and Twisted Files. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(11): 1521-4.
Pedulla, E., et al., Influence of continuous or reciprocating motion on cyclic fatigue resistance of 4 different nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(2): 258-61.
Gambarini, G., et al., Influence of different angles of reciprocation on the cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(10):1408-11.
Shin, C.S., et al., Fatigue life enhancement of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments by progressive reciprocating operation. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(9): 882-8.
Kim, J.W., et al., Safety of the factory preset rotation angle of reciprocating instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(10): 1671-5.
Ashwinkumar, V., et al., Effect of reciprocating file motion on microcrack formation in root canals: an SEM study. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(7): 622-7.
Bier, C.A., et al., The ability of different nickel-titanium rotary instruments to induce dentinal damage during canal preparation. Journal of Endodontics; 2009; 35(2): 236-8.
Liu, R., et al., The incidence of root microcracks caused by 3 different single-file systems versus the ProTaper system. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(8):1054-6.
Burklein, S., P. Tsotsis, and E. Schafer, Incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation: reciprocating versus rotary instrumentation. Journal of Endodontics od; 2013; 39(4): 501-4.
Abou El Nasr, H.M. and K.G. Abd El Kader, Dentinal damage and fracture resistance of oval roots prepared with single-file systems using different kinematics. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(6): 849-51.
Weine, F.S., R.F. Kelly, and P.J. Lio, The effect of preparation procedures on original canal shape and on apical foramen shape. Journal of Endodontics; 1975; 1(8): 255-62.
Schafer, E. and H. Florek, Efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium K3 instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile. Part 1. Shaping ability in simulated curved canals. International Endodontic Journal; 2003; 36(3): 199-207.
Marzouk, A.M. and A.G. Ghoneim, Computed tomographic evaluation of canal shape instrumented by different kinematics rotary nickel-titanium systems. Journal of Endodontics d; 2013; 39(7): 906-9.
Burklein, S., S. Benten, and E. Schafer, Shaping ability of different single-file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth. International Endodontic Journal; 2013; 46(6): 590-7.
Thompson, S.A. and P.M. Dummer, Shaping ability of Lightspeed rotary nickel-titanium instruments in simulated root canals. Part 1. Journal of Endodontics; 1997; 23(11): 698-702.
Haapasalo, M. and Y. Shen, Evolution of nickel–titanium instruments: from past to future. Endodontic Topics; 2013; 29(1): 3-17.
Hülsmann, M., O.A. Peters, and P.M.H. Dummer, Mechanical preparation of root canals: shaping goals, techniques and means. Endodontic topics; 2005; 10(1): 30-76.
al-Omari, M.A., S. Bryant, and P.M. Dummer, Comparison of two stainless steel files to shape simulated root canals. International Endodontic Journal; 1997; 30(1): 35-45.
Gambill, J.M., M. Alder, and C.E. del Rio, Comparison of nickel-titanium and stainless steel hand-file instrumentation using computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics; 1996; 22(7): 369-75.
Walia, H.M., W.A. Brantley, and H. Gerstein, An initial investigation of the bending and torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. Journal of Endodontics; 1988; 14(7): 346-51.
Bergmans, L., et al., A methodology for quantitative evaluation of root canal instrumentation using microcomputed tomography. International Endodontic Journal; 2001; 34(5): 390-8.
Wildey, W.L. and E.S. Senia, A new root canal instrument and instrumentation technique: a preliminary report. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology; 1989; 67(2): 198-207.
Kucukay, E.S., I. Kucukay, and B. Yılmaz, Kok Kanalı Sekillendirme Yontemleri. 2004, Istanbul: Promat.
Otsuka, K. and T. Kakeshita, Science and technology of shape-memory alloys: new developments. Mrs Bulletin; 2002; 27(02): 91-100.
Thompson, S.A., An overview of nickel-titanium alloys used in dentistry. International Endodontic Journal; 2000; 33(4): 297-310.
Cheung, G.S. and C.S. Liu, A retrospective study of endodontic treatment outcome between nickel-titanium rotary and stainless steel hand filing techniques. Journal of Endodontics; 2009; 35(7): 938-43.
da Cunha Peixoto, I.F., et al., Flexural fatigue and torsional resistance of ProFile GT and ProFile GT series X instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(4): 741-4.
Ye, J. and Y. Gao, Metallurgical characterization of M-Wire nickel-titanium shape memory alloy used for endodontic rotary instruments during low-cycle fatigue. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(1): 105-7.
Al-Hadlaq, S.M., F.A. Aljarbou, and R.I. AlThumairy, Evaluation of cyclic flexural fatigue of M-wire nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(2): 305-7.
Gutmann, J.L. and Y. Gao, Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface properties of nickel-titanium root canal instruments to enhance performance, durability and safety: a focused review. International Endodontic Journal; 2012; 45(2): 113-28.
Kavanagh, D. and P.J. Lumley, An in vitro evaluation of canal preparation using Profile .04 and .06 taper instruments. Endodontics Dental Traumatology; 1998; 14(1): 16-20.
Parashos, P., I. Gordon, and H.H. Messer, Factors influencing defects of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments after clinical use. Journal of Endodontics; 2004; 30(10): 722-5.
Parashos, P. and H.H. Messer, The diffusion of innovation in dentistry: a review using rotary nickel-titanium technology as an example. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology; 2006; 101(3): 395-401.
Pruett, J.P., D.J. Clement, and D.L. Carnes, Jr., Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 1997; 23(2): 77-85.
Siqueira, J.F., Jr., et al., Incidence of postoperative pain after intracanal procedures based on an antimicrobial strategy. Journal of Endodontics; 2002; 28(6): 457-60.
Burklein, S. and E. Schafer, Apically extruded debris with reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems; Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(6): 850-2.
Kocak, S., et al., Apical extrusion of debris using self-adjusting file, reciprocating single-file, and 2 rotary instrumentation systems. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(10): 1278-80.
Capar, I.D., et al., An in vitro comparison of apically extruded debris and instrumentation times with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, Twisted File Adaptive, and HyFlex instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(10): 1638-41.
Kocak, M.M., et al., Apical extrusion of debris using ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Next rotary systems. International Endodontic Journal; 2015; 48(3): 283-6.
Ozsu, D., et al., Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and self-adjusting file systems. European Journal Dentistry; 2014; 8(4): 504-8.
Capar, I.D., et al., Comparative study of different novel nickel-titanium rotary systems for root canal preparation in severely curved root canals. Journal of Endodontics od; 2014; 40(6): 852-6.
Peters, O.A. and F. Barbakow, Dynamic torque and apical forces of ProFile.04 rotary instruments during preparation of curved canals. International Endodontic Journal; 2002; 35(4): 379-89.
Sattapan, B., et al., Defects in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use. Journal of Endodontics; 2000; 26(3): 161-5.
Blum, J.Y., P. Machtou, and J.P. Micallef, Location of contact areas on rotary Profile instruments in relationship to the forces developed during mechanical preparation on extracted teeth. International Endodontic Journal; 1999; 32(2):108-14.
Diemer, F., et al., Effect of asymmetry on the behavior of prototype rotary triple helix root canal instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(6): 829-32.
Capar, I.D., H. Ertas, and H. Arslan, Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium coronal flaring instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1182-5.
Elnaghy, A.M., Cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Next nickel-titanium rotary files. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(11): 1034-9.
Nguyen, H.H., et al., Evaluation of the resistance to cyclic fatigue among ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal, and Vortex Blue rotary instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1190-3.
Perez-Higueras, J.J., et al., Differences in cyclic fatigue resistance between ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal instruments at different levels. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9):1477-81.
Kim, H.C., et al., Potential relationship between design of nickel-titanium rotary instruments and vertical root fracture. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(7): 1195-9.
Capar, I.D., et al., Effects of ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and HyFlex instruments on crack formation in dentin. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9):1482-4.
Karatas, E., et al., Dentinal crack formation during root canal preparations by the twisted file adaptive, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal, and WaveOne instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2015; 41(2): 261-4.
Yoldas, O., et al., Dentinal microcrack formation during root canal preparations by different NiTi rotary instruments and the self-adjusting file. Journal of Endodontics; 2012; 38(2): 232-5.
Burklein, S., T. Poschmann, and E. Schafer, Shaping ability of different nickel-titanium systems in simulated S-shaped canals with and without glide path. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1231-4.
Zhao, D., et al., Root canal preparation of mandibular molars with 3 nickel-titanium rotary instruments: a micro-computed tomographic study. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(11): 1860-4.
Saber Sel, D. and S.M. Abu El Sadat, Effect of altering the reciprocation range on the fatigue life and the shaping ability of WaveOne nickel-titanium instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(5): 685-8.
Kim, H.C., et al., Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of two new nickel-titanium instruments used in reciprocation motion: Reciproc versus WaveOne. Journal of Endodontics od; 2012; 38(4): 541-4.
Fidler, A., Kinematics of 2 reciprocating endodontic motors: the difference between actual and set values. Journal of Endodontics, 2014. 40(7): p. 990-4.
De-Deus, G., et al., Extended cyclic fatigue life of F2 ProTaper instruments used in reciprocating movement. International Endodontic Journal; 2010; 43(12): 1063-8.
Giuliani, V., et al., Shaping ability of waveone primary reciprocating files and ProTaper system used in continuous and reciprocating motion. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9): 1468-71.
Kansal, R., et al., Assessment of dentinal damage during canal preparation using reciprocating and rotary files. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(9): 1443-6.
Paque, F., M. Zehnder, and G. De-Deus, Microtomography-based comparison of reciprocating single-file F2 ProTaper technique versus rotary full sequence. Journal of Endodontics; 2011; 37(10): 1394-7.
Perez-Higueras, J.J., A. Arias, and J.C. de la Macorra, Cyclic fatigue resistance of K3, K3XF, and twisted file nickel-titanium files under continuous rotation or reciprocating motion. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(12): 1585-8.
Stern, S., et al., Changes in centring and shaping ability using three nickel-titanium instrumentation techniques analysed by micro-computed tomography (muCT). International Endodontic Journal; 2012; 45(6): 514-23.
Varela-Patino, P., et al., Alternating versus continuous rotation: a comparative study of the effect on instrument life. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(1): 157-9.
Yared, G., Canal preparation using only one Ni-Ti rotary instrument: preliminary observations. International Endodontic Journal; 2008; 41(4): 339-44.
You, S.Y., et al., Lifespan of one nickel-titanium rotary file with reciprocating motion in curved root canals. Journal of Endodontics; 2010; 36(12): 1991-4.
You, S.Y., et al., Shaping ability of reciprocating motion in curved root canals: a comparative study with micro-computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics; 2011; 37(9): 1296-300.
Burklein, S., S. Benten, and E. Schafer, Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris with different single-file systems: Reciproc, F360 and OneShape versus Mtwo. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(5): 405-9.
De-Deus, G.A., et al., Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the self-adjusting file system. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(4): 526-9.
Tinoco, J.M., et al., Apical extrusion of bacteria when using reciprocating single-file and rotary multifile instrumentation systems. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(6): 560-6.
De-Deus, G., et al., Assessment of apically extruded debris produced by the single-file ProTaper F2 technique under reciprocating movement. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics; 2010; 110(3): 390-4.
Robinson, J.P., et al., Reciprocating root canal technique induces greater debris accumulation than a continuous rotary technique as assessed by 3-dimensional micro-computed tomography. Journal of Endodontics; 2013; 39(8): 1067-70.
Caviedes-Bucheli, J., et al., The effect of single-file reciprocating systems on Substance P and Calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in human periodontal ligament. International Endodontic Journal; 2013; 46(5): 419-26.
Peters, O.A., et al., Determining cutting efficiency of nickel-titanium coronal flaring instruments used in lateral action. International Endodontic Journal; 2014; 47(6): 505-13.
Schafer, E. and R. Lau, Comparison of cutting efficiency and instrumentation of curved canals with nickel-titanium and stainless-steel instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 1999; 25(6): 427-30.
Schafer, E. and M. Oitzinger, Cutting efficiency of five different types of rotary nickel-titanium instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2008; 34(2): 198-200.
Plotino, G., et al., Cutting efficiency of Reciproc and waveOne reciprocating instruments. Journal of Endodontics; 2014; 40(8): 1228-30.
Gambarini, G., et al., Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments produced with a new manufacturing technique. International Endodontic Journal; 2011; 44(4): 337-41.
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Sayfalar
47-64
Gelecek
20 Ocak 2025
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı
