Yenidoğanın Acil Cerrahi Hastalıkları
Özet
Çocuk Cerrahisi; yenidoğan ve çocukluk yaş grubunun cerrahi hastalıklarının tanı ve cerrahi tedavisi ile ilgilenen ve diğer tıp yan dallarına göre nispeten yeni bir uzmanlık alanıdır. Çocuk Cerrahisinin yaş aralığı doğum öncesinden başlayıp yasal erişkinlik yaşı olan 18 yaşına kadar devam etmektedir. Radyolojik tanı koyma yaşının doğum öncesi, fetal döneme kadar inmesi ile çocuk cerrahisinin ilgi alanındaki cerrahi problemler de anne karnında tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu cerrahi hastalıkların daha yakından incelenmesi, anne karnında ya da doğum esnasında müdahale edilip edilemeyeceği ve doğum sonrasında nasıl bir cerrahi planlama yapılması gerektiği ile ilglili bu kitap bölümü hazırlanmıştır. Çocuk Cerrahisinin ilgi alanındaki tüm hastalıklara bir kitap bölümü ile değinmek mümkün olmasa da özellikle yenidoğan döneminde sık olarak görülen hastalıklarla ilgili güncel bilgi ve cerrahi yaklaşımlara kısaca değinilmiştir.
Referanslar
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S.N. Cenk Büyükünal. Türkiye’de Çocuk Cerrahisinin Tarihçesi. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi 2010;24(2):55-66.
Reuter S, Messier S, Steven D. The neonatal Golden Hour--intervention to improve quality of care of the extremely low birth weight infant. S D Med. 2014 Oct;67(10):397-403, 405. PMID: 25423766.
Taguchi T. Current progress in neonatal surgery. Surg Today. 2008;38(5):379-89. doi: 10.1007/s00595-007-3657-7.
Myers NA. History of pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int. 1997 Feb;12(2-3):79-80.
Nandy A, Guha A, Datta D, Mondal R. Evolution of clinical method for new-born infant maturity assessment. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Aug;33(16):2852-2859. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.
Wieacker P, Steinhard J. The prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010 Dec;107(48):857-62. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0857.
South ST, Chen Z, Brothman AR. Genomic medicine in prenatal diagnosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Mar;51(1):62-73. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181616509.
Varela MF, Pinzon-Guzman C, Riddle S, Parikh R, McKinney D, Rutter M, Lim FY, Peiro JL. EXIT-to-airway: Fundamentals, prenatal work-up, and technical aspects. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2021 Jun;30(3):151066. doi: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.
Mohammad S, Olutoye OA. Airway management for neonates requiring ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT). Paediatr Anaesth. 2020 Mar;30(3):248-256. doi: 10.1111/pan.13818.
Spiers A, Legendre G, Biquard F, Descamps P, Corroenne R. Ex utero intrapartum technique (EXIT): Indications, procedure methods and materno-fetal complications - A literature review. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2022 Jan;51(1):102252. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102252.
Dikova AA. Vrozhdennye gryzhi diafragmy u deteĭ [Congenital diaphragmatic hernias in children]. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1984 Dec;(12):13-7.
Kosiński P, Wielgoś M. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis and management - literature review. Ginekol Pol. 2017;88(1):24-30. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2017.0005.
Chatterjee D, Ing RJ, Gien J. Update on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Anesth Analg. 2020 Sep;131(3):808-821. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004324.
Verla MA, Style CC, Olutoye OO. Prenatal intervention for the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018 Jun;34(6):579-587. doi: 10.1007/s00383-018-4270-0.
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Demir OF, Hangul M, Kose M. Congenital lobar emphysema: diagnosis and treatment options. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019 May 1;14:921-928. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S170581.
Van Lennep M, Singendonk MMJ, Dall'Oglio L, Gottrand F, Krishnan U, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, Omari TI, Benninga MA, van Wijk MP. Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Apr 18;5(1):26. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0077-0.
Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Apr 18;5(1):29. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0083-2.
Sparey C, Robson SC. Oesophageal atresia. Prenat Diagn. 2000 Mar;20(3):251-3.
Smith N. Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Dec;90(12):947-50. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.012.
Madeleine A, Audrey N, Rony S, David S, Frédéric G. Long term digestive outcome of œsophageal atresia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2022 Feb-Mar;56-57:101771. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101771.
Molino Gahete JA, López Fernández S, Oliver B, Boix H, Rocha O, López M, Guillén G. Duodenal atresia with apple peel associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an exceptional case and a literature review. Cir Pediatr. 2022 Jan 1;35(1):31-35. English, Spanish. doi: 10.54847/cp.2022.01.16.
Rich BS, Bornstein E, Dolgin SE. Intestinal Atresias. Pediatr Rev. 2022 May 1;43(5):266-274. doi: 10.1542/pir.2021-005177.
Adams SD, Stanton MP. Malrotation and intestinal atresias. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Dec;90(12):921-5. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.017.
Smith GH, Glasson M. Intestinal atresia: factors affecting survival. Aust N Z J Surg. 1989 Feb;59(2):151-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1989.tb01487.x.
Kumaran N, Shankar KR, Lloyd DA, Losty PD. Trends in the management and outcome of jejuno-ileal atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Jun;12(3):163-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-32726.
Adejuyigbe o, abubakar am, Sowande oa, olayinka oS, Uba aF. Experience with anorectal malformations in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Pediatr Surg Int 2004;20(11-12):855-8.
Wang C, Li L, Cheng W. Anorectal malformation: the etiological factors. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015 Sep;31(9):795-804. doi: 10.1007/s00383-015-3685-0.
Tsugawa C, Hisano K, Nishijima E, Muraji T, Satoh S. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for failed imperforate anus surgery: lessons learned from secondary repairs. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Nov;35(11):1626-9. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2000.18337.
Bischoff A, Levitt MA, Peña A. Update on the management of anorectal malformations. Pediatr Surg Int. 2013 Sep;29(9):899-904. doi: 10.1007/s00383-013-3355-z.
Waldhausen JHT, Richards M. Meconium Ileus. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2018 Mar;31(2):121-126. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1609027.
Sathe M, Houwen R. Meconium ileus in Cystic Fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2017 Nov;16 Suppl 2:S32-S39. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.007.
Blumberg K. Intestinal malrotation. Radiology. 1997 Feb;202(2):584. doi: 10.1148/radiology.202.2.584-b.
Lin JN, Lou CC, Wang KL. Intestinal malrotation and midgut volvulus: a 15-year review. J Formos Med Assoc. 1995 Apr;94(4):178-81.
Palmas G, Maxia L, Fanos V. Volvolo e malrotazione intestinale nel neonato [Volvulus and intestinal malrotation in the newborn]. Pediatr Med Chir. 2005 Jan-Apr;27(1-2):62-6. Italian.
Verla MA, Style CC, Olutoye OO. Prenatal diagnosis and management of omphalocele. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2019 Apr;28(2):84-88. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.04.007.
Baerg JE, Munoz AN. Long term complications and outcomes in omphalocele. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2019 Apr;28(2):118-121. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.04.004.
Rieder W, Maurer SV, Giannoni E, Baud D. Fetal Omphalocele: Review of Predictive Factors Important for Antenatal Counseling? Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2022 Nov;77(11):683-695. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001073.
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Ambartsumyan L, Smith C, Kapur RP. Diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2020 Jan-Feb;23(1):8-22. doi: 10.1177/1093526619892351.
Das K, Mohanty S. Hirschsprung Disease - Current Diagnosis and Management. Indian J Pediatr. 2017 Aug;84(8):618-623. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2371-8.
Wang XJ, Camilleri M. Hirschsprung disease: Insights on genes, penetrance, and prenatal diagnosis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Nov;31(11):e13732. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13732.
Watson SN, McElroy SJ. Potential Prenatal Origins of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2021 Jun;50(2):431-444. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.006.
Kaplina A, Kononova S, Zaikova E, Pervunina T, Petrova N, Sitkin S. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of Hypoxia, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 27;24(3):2471. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032471.66
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Jain P, Mishra P, Parelkar S, Shah H. Anterior urethral valves and diverticulum. Indian J Pediatr. 2009 Sep;76(9):943-4. doi: 10.1007/s12098-009-0147-5.
Alvarez Múgica M, Fernández Gómez JM, Jalón Monzón A, Escaf Barmadahn S. Tratamiento endoscópico de una válvula uretral posterior tipo III [Endoscopic treatment of type III posterior urethral valve. Arch Esp Urol. 2006 Jul-Aug;59(6):645. Spanish. doi: 10.4321/s0004-06142006000600016.
Arena S, Arena F, Scuderi G, Di Benedetto V. An unique case of Y-type urethral duplication associated with posterior urethral valve. Minerva Pediatr. 2008 Aug;60(4):461-3.
Nasir AA, Ameh EA, Abdur-Rahman LO, Adeniran JO, Abraham MK. Posterior urethral valve. World J Pediatr. 2011 Aug;7(3):205-16. doi: 10.1007/s12519-011-0289-1.
Basaran M, Usal D, Aydemir C. Hymen sparing surgery for imperforate hymen: case reports and review of literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2009 Aug;22(4):e61-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2008.03.009.
Lucas-Herald AK, Bashamboo A. Gonadal development. Endocr Dev. 2014;27:1-16. doi: 10.1159/000363608.
Witchel SF. Disorders of sex development. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Apr;48:90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.11.005.
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S.N. Cenk Büyükünal. Türkiye’de Çocuk Cerrahisinin Tarihçesi. Çocuk Cerrahisi Dergisi 2010;24(2):55-66.
Reuter S, Messier S, Steven D. The neonatal Golden Hour--intervention to improve quality of care of the extremely low birth weight infant. S D Med. 2014 Oct;67(10):397-403, 405. PMID: 25423766.
Taguchi T. Current progress in neonatal surgery. Surg Today. 2008;38(5):379-89. doi: 10.1007/s00595-007-3657-7.
Myers NA. History of pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int. 1997 Feb;12(2-3):79-80.
Nandy A, Guha A, Datta D, Mondal R. Evolution of clinical method for new-born infant maturity assessment. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Aug;33(16):2852-2859. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.
Wieacker P, Steinhard J. The prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010 Dec;107(48):857-62. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0857.
South ST, Chen Z, Brothman AR. Genomic medicine in prenatal diagnosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Mar;51(1):62-73. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181616509.
Varela MF, Pinzon-Guzman C, Riddle S, Parikh R, McKinney D, Rutter M, Lim FY, Peiro JL. EXIT-to-airway: Fundamentals, prenatal work-up, and technical aspects. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2021 Jun;30(3):151066. doi: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.
Mohammad S, Olutoye OA. Airway management for neonates requiring ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT). Paediatr Anaesth. 2020 Mar;30(3):248-256. doi: 10.1111/pan.13818.
Spiers A, Legendre G, Biquard F, Descamps P, Corroenne R. Ex utero intrapartum technique (EXIT): Indications, procedure methods and materno-fetal complications - A literature review. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2022 Jan;51(1):102252. doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102252.
Dikova AA. Vrozhdennye gryzhi diafragmy u deteĭ [Congenital diaphragmatic hernias in children]. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1984 Dec;(12):13-7.
Kosiński P, Wielgoś M. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis and management - literature review. Ginekol Pol. 2017;88(1):24-30. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2017.0005.
Chatterjee D, Ing RJ, Gien J. Update on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. Anesth Analg. 2020 Sep;131(3):808-821. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004324.
Verla MA, Style CC, Olutoye OO. Prenatal intervention for the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. 2018 Jun;34(6):579-587. doi: 10.1007/s00383-018-4270-0.
Kovler ML, Jelin EB. Fetal intervention for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2019 Aug;28(4):150818. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.07.001.
Grivell RM, Andersen C, Dodd JM. Prenatal interventions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia for improving outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 27;2015(11):CD008925. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008925.pub2.
Watkinson M, Tiron I. Events before the diagnosis of a pneumothorax in ventilated neonates. Arch Dis Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001;85: F201–3.
Acun C, Nusairat L, Kadri A, Nusairat A, Yeaney N, Abu Shaweesh J, Aly H. Pneumothorax prevalence and mortality per gestational age in the newborn. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Aug;56(8):2583-2588. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25454.
Cloutier MM, Schaeffer DA, Hight D. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Chest. 1993 Mar;103(3):761-4. doi: 10.1378/chest.103.3.761.
Chow PC, Lee SL, Tang MH, Chan KL, Lee CP, Lam BC, Tsoi NS. Management and outcome of antenatally diagnosed congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Hong Kong Med J. 2007 Feb;13(1):31-9.
Corbett HJ, Humphrey GM. Pulmonary sequestration. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2004 Mar;5(1):59-68. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2003.09.009.
Demir OF, Hangul M, Kose M. Congenital lobar emphysema: diagnosis and treatment options. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019 May 1;14:921-928. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S170581.
Van Lennep M, Singendonk MMJ, Dall'Oglio L, Gottrand F, Krishnan U, Terheggen-Lagro SWJ, Omari TI, Benninga MA, van Wijk MP. Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Apr 18;5(1):26. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0077-0.
Oesophageal atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Apr 18;5(1):29. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0083-2.
Sparey C, Robson SC. Oesophageal atresia. Prenat Diagn. 2000 Mar;20(3):251-3.
Smith N. Oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Dec;90(12):947-50. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.012.
Madeleine A, Audrey N, Rony S, David S, Frédéric G. Long term digestive outcome of œsophageal atresia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2022 Feb-Mar;56-57:101771. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101771.
Molino Gahete JA, López Fernández S, Oliver B, Boix H, Rocha O, López M, Guillén G. Duodenal atresia with apple peel associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an exceptional case and a literature review. Cir Pediatr. 2022 Jan 1;35(1):31-35. English, Spanish. doi: 10.54847/cp.2022.01.16.
Rich BS, Bornstein E, Dolgin SE. Intestinal Atresias. Pediatr Rev. 2022 May 1;43(5):266-274. doi: 10.1542/pir.2021-005177.
Adams SD, Stanton MP. Malrotation and intestinal atresias. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Dec;90(12):921-5. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.017.
Smith GH, Glasson M. Intestinal atresia: factors affecting survival. Aust N Z J Surg. 1989 Feb;59(2):151-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1989.tb01487.x.
Kumaran N, Shankar KR, Lloyd DA, Losty PD. Trends in the management and outcome of jejuno-ileal atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Jun;12(3):163-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-32726.
Adejuyigbe o, abubakar am, Sowande oa, olayinka oS, Uba aF. Experience with anorectal malformations in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Pediatr Surg Int 2004;20(11-12):855-8.
Wang C, Li L, Cheng W. Anorectal malformation: the etiological factors. Pediatr Surg Int. 2015 Sep;31(9):795-804. doi: 10.1007/s00383-015-3685-0.
Tsugawa C, Hisano K, Nishijima E, Muraji T, Satoh S. Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty for failed imperforate anus surgery: lessons learned from secondary repairs. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Nov;35(11):1626-9. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2000.18337.
Bischoff A, Levitt MA, Peña A. Update on the management of anorectal malformations. Pediatr Surg Int. 2013 Sep;29(9):899-904. doi: 10.1007/s00383-013-3355-z.
Waldhausen JHT, Richards M. Meconium Ileus. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2018 Mar;31(2):121-126. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1609027.
Sathe M, Houwen R. Meconium ileus in Cystic Fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2017 Nov;16 Suppl 2:S32-S39. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.007.
Blumberg K. Intestinal malrotation. Radiology. 1997 Feb;202(2):584. doi: 10.1148/radiology.202.2.584-b.
Lin JN, Lou CC, Wang KL. Intestinal malrotation and midgut volvulus: a 15-year review. J Formos Med Assoc. 1995 Apr;94(4):178-81.
Palmas G, Maxia L, Fanos V. Volvolo e malrotazione intestinale nel neonato [Volvulus and intestinal malrotation in the newborn]. Pediatr Med Chir. 2005 Jan-Apr;27(1-2):62-6. Italian.
Verla MA, Style CC, Olutoye OO. Prenatal diagnosis and management of omphalocele. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2019 Apr;28(2):84-88. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.04.007.
Baerg JE, Munoz AN. Long term complications and outcomes in omphalocele. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2019 Apr;28(2):118-121. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.04.004.
Rieder W, Maurer SV, Giannoni E, Baud D. Fetal Omphalocele: Review of Predictive Factors Important for Antenatal Counseling? Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2022 Nov;77(11):683-695. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001073.
Lotfollahzadeh S, Taherian M, Anand S. Hirschsprung Disease. 2022 Dec 3. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–.
Langer JC. Hirschsprung disease. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2013 Jun;25(3):368-74. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e328360c2a0.
Ambartsumyan L, Smith C, Kapur RP. Diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2020 Jan-Feb;23(1):8-22. doi: 10.1177/1093526619892351.
Das K, Mohanty S. Hirschsprung Disease - Current Diagnosis and Management. Indian J Pediatr. 2017 Aug;84(8):618-623. doi: 10.1007/s12098-017-2371-8.
Wang XJ, Camilleri M. Hirschsprung disease: Insights on genes, penetrance, and prenatal diagnosis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Nov;31(11):e13732. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13732.
Watson SN, McElroy SJ. Potential Prenatal Origins of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2021 Jun;50(2):431-444. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.006.
Kaplina A, Kononova S, Zaikova E, Pervunina T, Petrova N, Sitkin S. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Role of Hypoxia, Gut Microbiome, and Microbial Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 27;24(3):2471. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032471.66
Podestá E, di Rovasenda E, Sangiorgio L, Sanfilippo F, di Stefano A. Patología obstructiva uretral en edad neonatal [Obstructive urethral disease in neonates]. Cir Pediatr. 1991 Jan;4(1):8-11.
Jain P, Mishra P, Parelkar S, Shah H. Anterior urethral valves and diverticulum. Indian J Pediatr. 2009 Sep;76(9):943-4. doi: 10.1007/s12098-009-0147-5.
Alvarez Múgica M, Fernández Gómez JM, Jalón Monzón A, Escaf Barmadahn S. Tratamiento endoscópico de una válvula uretral posterior tipo III [Endoscopic treatment of type III posterior urethral valve. Arch Esp Urol. 2006 Jul-Aug;59(6):645. Spanish. doi: 10.4321/s0004-06142006000600016.
Arena S, Arena F, Scuderi G, Di Benedetto V. An unique case of Y-type urethral duplication associated with posterior urethral valve. Minerva Pediatr. 2008 Aug;60(4):461-3.
Nasir AA, Ameh EA, Abdur-Rahman LO, Adeniran JO, Abraham MK. Posterior urethral valve. World J Pediatr. 2011 Aug;7(3):205-16. doi: 10.1007/s12519-011-0289-1.
Basaran M, Usal D, Aydemir C. Hymen sparing surgery for imperforate hymen: case reports and review of literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2009 Aug;22(4):e61-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2008.03.009.
Lucas-Herald AK, Bashamboo A. Gonadal development. Endocr Dev. 2014;27:1-16. doi: 10.1159/000363608.
Witchel SF. Disorders of sex development. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018 Apr;48:90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.11.005.
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Sayfalar
65-100
Gelecek
17 Nisan 2023
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Akademisyen Kitap Portalı
Lisans
LisansNasıl Atıf Yapılır
1.
Kılıç S. Yenidoğanın Acil Cerrahi Hastalıkları. Içinde: Alabaz D, editör. Güncel Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları V [Internet]. Türkiye: Akademisyen Yayınevi Kitap DOI Portalı; 2023 [a.yer 16 Temmuz 2026]. ss. 65-100. Erişim adresi: https://www.omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/2565/chapter/13190
