Endodontik Tedavi Sonrası Restorasyonlar
Özet
Bu makale, endodontik tedavi görmüş dişlerin restorasyonunu kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Kök kanal tedavisinin başarısının, hem kök kanal dolgusunun hem de koronal restorasyonun kalitesine bağlı olduğunu vurgularken, literatürdeki çalışmalar koronal restorasyon kalitesinin, apikal sızıntı faktörü olsa da, uzun dönem başarı için kök kanal dolgusundan daha önemli olduğunu gösterilir. Çeşitli restorasyon yöntemleri: kompozit rezinler (bulk-fill dahil), amalgam (Nayyar tekniğiyle birlikte), tam kronlar (metal-seramik ve tüm seramik), ve post-kor restorasyonlar. Farklı post tipleri (döküm, prefabrike metal, zirkonyum-seramik, fiber takviyeli; silika kuvars, cam ve polietilen fiber çeşitleriyle) , fiber postların avantajları vurgulanmaktadır. Post-kor hazırlama, siman seçimi (çinko fosfat, cam iyonomer, rezin modifiye cam iyonomer), uygun post uzunluğu gibi konular ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmaktadır, farklı rezin siman sertleşme reaksiyonları da incelenerek ele alınmıştır. Makale, komplikasyonlar, inley, onley, endokron restorasyonlar ve uzun dönem prognozu da kapsayarak, klinik uygulamalarda en uygun tedavi planının seçilmesine yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of restoring teeth following endodontic treatment. It emphasizes that successful root canal therapy depends on both the quality of the root canal filling and the coronal restoration, with literature suggesting coronal restoration quality is even more critical for long-term success than root canal filling, although apical leakage remains a concern. Various restorative methods are detailed: composite resins (including bulk-fill), amalgam (including the Nayyar technique), full crowns (metal-ceramic and all-ceramic), and post-core restorations. Different post types are compared—cast, prefabricated metal, zirconia-ceramic, and fiber-reinforced (with silica quartz, glass, and polyethylene fiber variations)—highlighting the advantages of fiber posts. The article also thoroughly discusses post-core preparation, cement selection (zinc phosphate, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer), appropriate post length, and different resin cement curing methods. Finally, it addresses complications, inlays, onlays, endocrowns, and long-term prognoses, aiming to guide clinicians in selecting the most suitable treatment plan.
Referanslar
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Eliyas, S., J. Jalili, and N. Martin, Restoration of the root canal treated tooth. British dental journal, 2015. 218(2): 53.
Tang, W., Y. Wu, and R.J. Smales, Identifying and reducing risks for potential fractures in endodontically treated teeth. Journal of endodontics, 2010. 36(4): 609-617.
Soares, C.J., et al., Influence of the endodontic treatment on mechanical properties of root dentin. Journal of Endodontics, 2007. 33(5): 603-606.
Fennis, W.M., et al., A survey of cusp fractures in a population of general dental practices. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002. 15(6): 559-563.
Aslan, T., et al., Evaluation of fracture resistance in root canal‑treated teeth restored using different techniques. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2018. 21(6): 795-800.
Randow, K. and -O. Glantz, On cantilever loading of vital and non-vital teeth an experimental clinical study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 1986. 44(5): 271-277.
Oliveira, F.d.C., G.E. Denehy, and D.B. Boyer, Fracture resistance of endodontically prepared teeth using various restorative materials. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 1987. 115(1): 57-60.
Saleh, A. and W. Ettman, Effect of endodontic irrigation solutions on microhardness of root canal dentine. Journal of dentistry, 1999. 27(1): 43-46.
Andreasen, J.O., B. Farik, and E.C. Munksgaard, Long‐term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dental Traumatology, 2002. 18(3): 134-137.
Peroz, I., et al., Restoring endodontically treated teeth with posts and cores--a review. Quintessence international, 2005. 36(9).
Naumann, M., et al., “Ferrule comes first. post is second!” Fake news and alternative facts? A systematic review. Journal of endodontics, 2018. 44(2): 212-219.
Philips, R., Past, present and future composite systems. Dent Clin Nort Americ, 1981. 25: 209.
Pereira, R., et al., Effect of restorative protocol on cuspal strain and residual stress in endodontically treated molars. Operative dentistry, 2016. 41(1): 23-33.
Kemaloglu, H., et al., Effect of novel restoration techniques on the fracture resistance of teeth treated endodontically: an in vitro study. Dental materials journal, 2015. 34(5): 618-622.
Shafiei, F., et al., Fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored by silorane-based composite with or without fiber or nano-ionomer. The journal of advanced prosthodontics, 2014. 6(3): 200-206.
Mannocci, F. and J. Cowie, Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. British dental journal, 2014. 216(6): 341.
Pereira, R., et al., Effect of photoactivation timing on the mechanical properties of resin cements and bond strength of fiberglass post to root dentin. Operative dentistry, 2015. 40(5): 206-221.
Naoum, H.J. and N. Chandler, Temporization for endodontics. International Endodontic Journal, 2002. 35(12): 964-78.
Olmez, A., N. Oztas, and H. Bodur, The effect of flowable resin composite on microleakage and internal voids in class II composite restorations. Operative Dentistry, 2004. 29(6): 713-9.
Belli, S., et al., The effect of fibre insertion on fracture resistance of root filled molar teeth with MOD preparations restored with composite. International Endodontic Journal, 2005. 38(2): 73-80.
De Gee, A., A. Feilzer, and C. Davidson, True linear polymerization shrinkage of unfilled resins and composites determined with a linometer. Dental Materials, 1993. 9(1): 11-14.
McComb, D., Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth. Ensuring Countinuing Trust–DISPATCH, 2008: 1-20.
Belli, S., et al., The effect of fiber insertion on fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars with MOD cavity and reattached fractured lingual cusps. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2006. 79(1): 35-41.
Akman, S., et al., Influence of several fibre‐reinforced composite restoration techniques on cusp movement and fracture strength of molar teeth. International endodontic journal, 2011. 44(5): 407-415.
Rodrigues, F.B., et al., Fracture resistance of root filled molar teeth restored with glass fibre bundles. International endodontic journal, 2010. 43(5): 356-362.
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Tomes, J., A Course of Lectures on Dental Physiology and Surgery... From the London Medical Gazette. 1848.
Schwartz, R.S. and J.W. Robbins, Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Journal of endodontics, 2004. 30(5): 289-301.
Standlee, J., A. Caputo, and E. Hanson, Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length, diameter, and design. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 1978. 39(4): 400-405.
Qualtrough, A.J., N. Chandler, and D.G. Purton, A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts. Quintessence international, 2003. 34(3).
Martinez-Insua, A., et al., Comparison of the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with a cast post and core or carbon-fiber post with a composite core. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 1998. 80(5): 527-532.
Sorensen, J.A. and J.T. Martinoff, Clinically significant factors in dowel design. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1984. 52(1): 28-35.
Fuss, Z., J. Lustig, and A. Tamse, Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth. International endodontic journal, 1999. 32(4): 283-286.
de Amorim Demarchi, M.G. and E.F.L. Sato, Leakage of interim post and cores used during laboratory fabrication of custom posts. Journal of endodontics, 2002. 28(4): 328-329.
Fox, K. and D. Gutteridge, An in vitro study of coronal microleakage in root‐canal‐treated teeth restored by the post and core technique. International Endodontic Journal, 1997. 30(6): 361-368.
Parcina, I., Amizic, and A. Baraba, Esthetic Intracanal Posts. Acta Stomatol Croat, 2016. 50(2): 143-150.
Christel, , et al., Mechanical properties and short‐term in vivo evaluation of yttrium‐oxide‐partially‐stabilized zirconia. Journal of biomedical materials research, 1989. 23(1): 45-61.
Špehar, D. and M. Jakovac, New knowledge about zirconium-ceramic as a structural material in fixed prosthodontics. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 2015. 49(2): 137-144.
Michalakis, K.X., et al., Light transmission of posts and cores used for the anterior esthetic region. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 2004. 24(5).
Özkurt, Z., U. Iseri, and E. Kazazoglu, Zirconia ceramic post systems: a literature review and a case report. Dental materials journal, 2010. 29(3): 233-245.
Bateman, G., D. Ricketts, and W. Saunders, Fibre-based post systems: a review. British dental journal, 2003. 195(1): 43.
Segal, B.S., Retrospective assessment of 546 all-ceramic anterior and posterior crowns in a general practice. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2001. 85(6): 544-550.
Butz, F., et al., Survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate defects restored with different post-and-core systems: an in vitro study. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2001. 14(1).
Mannocci, F., M. Ferrari, and T.F. Watson, Intermittent loading of teeth restored using quartz fiber, carbon-quartz fiber, and zirconium dioxide ceramic root canal posts. J Adhes Dent, 1999. 1(2): 153-8.
Paul, S.J. and Werder, Clinical success of zirconium oxide posts with resin composite or glass-ceramic cores in endodontically treated teeth: a 4-year retrospective study. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2004. 17(5).
Shetty, , et al., A finite element analysis for a comparative evaluation of stress with two commonly used esthetic posts. European journal of dentistry, 2013. 7(4): 419.
Bitter, K., et al., In vitro evaluation of push-out bond strengths of various luting agents to tooth-colored posts. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2006. 95(4): 302-310.
Pest, L.B., et al., Adhesive post-endodontic restorations with fiber posts: push-out tests and SEM observations. Dental Materials, 2002. 18(8): 596-602.
Vallittu, K., A review of fiber‐reinforced denture base resins. Journal of Prosthodontics, 1996. 5(4): 270-276.
Jongsma, L.A., et al., Benefits of a two-step cementation procedure for prefabricated fiber posts. Journal of adhesive dentistry, 2010. 12(1): 55.
Lassila, L.V., et al., Flexural properties of fiber reinforced root canal posts. Dental Materials, 2004. 20(1): 29-36.
Baba, N.Z., G. Golden, and C.J. Goodacre, Nonmetallic prefabricated dowels: a review of compositions, properties, laboratory, and clinical test results. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry, 2009. 18(6): 527-536.
Grandini, S., et al., Fatigue resistance and structural characteristics of fiber posts: three-point bending test and SEM evaluation. Dental Materials, 2005. 21(2): 75-82.
Vichi, A., M. Ferrari, and C.L. Davidson, Influence of ceramic and cement thickness on the masking of various types of opaque posts. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2000. 83(4): 412-417.
de Rijk, W.G., Removal of fiber posts from endodontically treated teeth. Am J Dent, 2000. 13(Spec No): 19B-21B.
Kallio, T., T. Lastumäki, and Vallittu, Bonding of restorative and veneering composite resin to somepolymeric composites. Dental Materials, 2001. 17(1): 80-86.
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Eliyas, S., J. Jalili, and N. Martin, Restoration of the root canal treated tooth. British dental journal, 2015. 218(2): 53.
Tang, W., Y. Wu, and R.J. Smales, Identifying and reducing risks for potential fractures in endodontically treated teeth. Journal of endodontics, 2010. 36(4): 609-617.
Soares, C.J., et al., Influence of the endodontic treatment on mechanical properties of root dentin. Journal of Endodontics, 2007. 33(5): 603-606.
Fennis, W.M., et al., A survey of cusp fractures in a population of general dental practices. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2002. 15(6): 559-563.
Aslan, T., et al., Evaluation of fracture resistance in root canal‑treated teeth restored using different techniques. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2018. 21(6): 795-800.
Randow, K. and -O. Glantz, On cantilever loading of vital and non-vital teeth an experimental clinical study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 1986. 44(5): 271-277.
Oliveira, F.d.C., G.E. Denehy, and D.B. Boyer, Fracture resistance of endodontically prepared teeth using various restorative materials. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 1987. 115(1): 57-60.
Saleh, A. and W. Ettman, Effect of endodontic irrigation solutions on microhardness of root canal dentine. Journal of dentistry, 1999. 27(1): 43-46.
Andreasen, J.O., B. Farik, and E.C. Munksgaard, Long‐term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dental Traumatology, 2002. 18(3): 134-137.
Peroz, I., et al., Restoring endodontically treated teeth with posts and cores--a review. Quintessence international, 2005. 36(9).
Naumann, M., et al., “Ferrule comes first. post is second!” Fake news and alternative facts? A systematic review. Journal of endodontics, 2018. 44(2): 212-219.
Philips, R., Past, present and future composite systems. Dent Clin Nort Americ, 1981. 25: 209.
Pereira, R., et al., Effect of restorative protocol on cuspal strain and residual stress in endodontically treated molars. Operative dentistry, 2016. 41(1): 23-33.
Kemaloglu, H., et al., Effect of novel restoration techniques on the fracture resistance of teeth treated endodontically: an in vitro study. Dental materials journal, 2015. 34(5): 618-622.
Shafiei, F., et al., Fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored by silorane-based composite with or without fiber or nano-ionomer. The journal of advanced prosthodontics, 2014. 6(3): 200-206.
Mannocci, F. and J. Cowie, Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. British dental journal, 2014. 216(6): 341.
Pereira, R., et al., Effect of photoactivation timing on the mechanical properties of resin cements and bond strength of fiberglass post to root dentin. Operative dentistry, 2015. 40(5): 206-221.
Naoum, H.J. and N. Chandler, Temporization for endodontics. International Endodontic Journal, 2002. 35(12): 964-78.
Olmez, A., N. Oztas, and H. Bodur, The effect of flowable resin composite on microleakage and internal voids in class II composite restorations. Operative Dentistry, 2004. 29(6): 713-9.
Belli, S., et al., The effect of fibre insertion on fracture resistance of root filled molar teeth with MOD preparations restored with composite. International Endodontic Journal, 2005. 38(2): 73-80.
De Gee, A., A. Feilzer, and C. Davidson, True linear polymerization shrinkage of unfilled resins and composites determined with a linometer. Dental Materials, 1993. 9(1): 11-14.
McComb, D., Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth. Ensuring Countinuing Trust–DISPATCH, 2008: 1-20.
Belli, S., et al., The effect of fiber insertion on fracture resistance of endodontically treated molars with MOD cavity and reattached fractured lingual cusps. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 2006. 79(1): 35-41.
Akman, S., et al., Influence of several fibre‐reinforced composite restoration techniques on cusp movement and fracture strength of molar teeth. International endodontic journal, 2011. 44(5): 407-415.
Rodrigues, F.B., et al., Fracture resistance of root filled molar teeth restored with glass fibre bundles. International endodontic journal, 2010. 43(5): 356-362.
McLean, J.W., Evolution of dental ceramics in the twentieth century. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2001. 85(1): 61-66.
Sakaguchi, R.L., J. Ferracane, and J.M. Powers, Craig's restorative dental materials. 2018: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Anusavice, K.J., C. Shen, and H.R. Rawls, Phillips' science of dental materials. 2013: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Denry, I. and J. Holloway, Ceramics for dental applications: a review. Materials, 2010. 3(1): 351-368.
Tomes, J., A Course of Lectures on Dental Physiology and Surgery... From the London Medical Gazette. 1848.
Schwartz, R.S. and J.W. Robbins, Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Journal of endodontics, 2004. 30(5): 289-301.
Standlee, J., A. Caputo, and E. Hanson, Retention of endodontic dowels: effects of cement, dowel length, diameter, and design. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 1978. 39(4): 400-405.
Qualtrough, A.J., N. Chandler, and D.G. Purton, A comparison of the retention of tooth-colored posts. Quintessence international, 2003. 34(3).
Martinez-Insua, A., et al., Comparison of the fracture resistances of pulpless teeth restored with a cast post and core or carbon-fiber post with a composite core. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 1998. 80(5): 527-532.
Sorensen, J.A. and J.T. Martinoff, Clinically significant factors in dowel design. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1984. 52(1): 28-35.
Fuss, Z., J. Lustig, and A. Tamse, Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth. International endodontic journal, 1999. 32(4): 283-286.
de Amorim Demarchi, M.G. and E.F.L. Sato, Leakage of interim post and cores used during laboratory fabrication of custom posts. Journal of endodontics, 2002. 28(4): 328-329.
Fox, K. and D. Gutteridge, An in vitro study of coronal microleakage in root‐canal‐treated teeth restored by the post and core technique. International Endodontic Journal, 1997. 30(6): 361-368.
Parcina, I., Amizic, and A. Baraba, Esthetic Intracanal Posts. Acta Stomatol Croat, 2016. 50(2): 143-150.
Christel, , et al., Mechanical properties and short‐term in vivo evaluation of yttrium‐oxide‐partially‐stabilized zirconia. Journal of biomedical materials research, 1989. 23(1): 45-61.
Špehar, D. and M. Jakovac, New knowledge about zirconium-ceramic as a structural material in fixed prosthodontics. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 2015. 49(2): 137-144.
Michalakis, K.X., et al., Light transmission of posts and cores used for the anterior esthetic region. International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 2004. 24(5).
Özkurt, Z., U. Iseri, and E. Kazazoglu, Zirconia ceramic post systems: a literature review and a case report. Dental materials journal, 2010. 29(3): 233-245.
Bateman, G., D. Ricketts, and W. Saunders, Fibre-based post systems: a review. British dental journal, 2003. 195(1): 43.
Segal, B.S., Retrospective assessment of 546 all-ceramic anterior and posterior crowns in a general practice. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2001. 85(6): 544-550.
Butz, F., et al., Survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate defects restored with different post-and-core systems: an in vitro study. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2001. 14(1).
Mannocci, F., M. Ferrari, and T.F. Watson, Intermittent loading of teeth restored using quartz fiber, carbon-quartz fiber, and zirconium dioxide ceramic root canal posts. J Adhes Dent, 1999. 1(2): 153-8.
Paul, S.J. and Werder, Clinical success of zirconium oxide posts with resin composite or glass-ceramic cores in endodontically treated teeth: a 4-year retrospective study. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 2004. 17(5).
Shetty, , et al., A finite element analysis for a comparative evaluation of stress with two commonly used esthetic posts. European journal of dentistry, 2013. 7(4): 419.
Bitter, K., et al., In vitro evaluation of push-out bond strengths of various luting agents to tooth-colored posts. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2006. 95(4): 302-310.
Pest, L.B., et al., Adhesive post-endodontic restorations with fiber posts: push-out tests and SEM observations. Dental Materials, 2002. 18(8): 596-602.
Vallittu, K., A review of fiber‐reinforced denture base resins. Journal of Prosthodontics, 1996. 5(4): 270-276.
Jongsma, L.A., et al., Benefits of a two-step cementation procedure for prefabricated fiber posts. Journal of adhesive dentistry, 2010. 12(1): 55.
Lassila, L.V., et al., Flexural properties of fiber reinforced root canal posts. Dental Materials, 2004. 20(1): 29-36.
Baba, N.Z., G. Golden, and C.J. Goodacre, Nonmetallic prefabricated dowels: a review of compositions, properties, laboratory, and clinical test results. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry, 2009. 18(6): 527-536.
Grandini, S., et al., Fatigue resistance and structural characteristics of fiber posts: three-point bending test and SEM evaluation. Dental Materials, 2005. 21(2): 75-82.
Vichi, A., M. Ferrari, and C.L. Davidson, Influence of ceramic and cement thickness on the masking of various types of opaque posts. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2000. 83(4): 412-417.
de Rijk, W.G., Removal of fiber posts from endodontically treated teeth. Am J Dent, 2000. 13(Spec No): 19B-21B.
Kallio, T., T. Lastumäki, and Vallittu, Bonding of restorative and veneering composite resin to somepolymeric composites. Dental Materials, 2001. 17(1): 80-86.
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