Yara İyileşmesinde Kök Hücre Tedavisi
Synopsis
Kök hücreler, farklı doku tiplerine dönüşebilme ve kendini yenileyebilme özellikleriyle yara iyileşmesinde önemli rol oynar. Embriyonik, yetişkin ve indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücreler, farklı rejeneratif potansiyellere sahiptir. Özellikle mezenkimal kök hücreler, kemik iliği ve yağ dokusu gibi kaynaklardan elde edilerek yara bölgesine uygulanır. Bu hücreler, büyüme faktörleri ve sitokinler salgılayarak anjiyogenezi artırır, bağışıklık sistemini düzenler ve hücresel onarımı destekler. Yara iyileşmesi dört aşamada gerçekleşir: hemostaz, inflamasyon, proliferasyon ve yeniden şekillenme. Kök hücreler, bu aşamaların her birini hızlandırabilir. Kronik yaralar, diyabet ve enfeksiyon gibi faktörlerden olumsuz etkilenir. Klinik çalışmalar, kök hücre tedavisinin kronik yaralar ve yanıkların iyileşmesinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, kök hücrelerin sınırlı engraftmanı ve hayatta kalma sorunlarının çözülmesi gerekmektedir. Genetik manipülasyon ve nanoteknoloji gibi gelişmeler, kök hücre tedavisinin etkinliğini artırabilir. Etik ve yasal endişeler, embriyonik kök hücrelerin kullanımı ve güvenlik konularında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlardır. Yara iyileşmesinde kök hücre tedavisi umut vaat ederken, daha fazla araştırma ve standardizasyona ihtiyaç vardır.
Stem cells play an important role in wound healing with their ability to differentiate into different tissue types and self-renew. Embryonic, adult and induced pluripotent stem cells have different regenerative potentials. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are obtained from sources such as bone marrow and adipose tissue and applied to the wound site. These cells increase angiogenesis, regulate the immune system and promote cellular repair by secreting growth factors and cytokines. Wound healing takes place in four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Stem cells can accelerate each of these stages. Chronic wounds are adversely affected by factors such as diabetes and infection. Clinical studies show that stem cell therapy is effective in healing chronic wounds and burns. However, the problems of limited engraftment and survival of stem cells need to be solved. Advances such as genetic manipulation and nanotechnology could improve the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. Ethical and legal concerns remain to be considered in the use of embryonic stem cells and safety issues. While stem cell therapy for wound healing shows promise, more research and standardization is needed.
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Hwang, J.-H. (2005). Current concepts of stem cell therapy. Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14-20.
Mirzaei, H., Sahebkar, A., Sichani, L. S., Moridikia, A., Nazari, S., Sadri Nahand, J., Salehi, H., Stenvang, J., Masoudifar, A., & Mirzaei, H. R. (2018). Therapeutic application of multipotent stem cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 233(4), 2815-2823.
Lodi, D., Iannitti, T., & Palmieri, B. (2011). Stem cells in clinical practice: Applications and warnings. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 30, 1-20.
El-Badawy, A., & El-Badri, N. (2016). Clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy for diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 11(4), e0151938.
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Cha, J. M., Fauzi, I., Kang, Y., Yeo, D. C., Ma, C. Y. J., Polak, J. M., Placzek, N. M. R., Chung, I.-M., Macedo, H. M., & Ismail, S. Stem cell bioprocessing: Fundamentals and principles.
Marks, P. W., Witten, C. M., & Califf, R. M. (2017). Clarifying stem-cell therapy’s benefits and risks. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(11), 1007-1009.
Cerqueira, M. T., Pirraco, R. P., & Marques, A. P. (2016). Stem cells in skin wound healing: Are we there yet? Advances in Wound Care, 5(4), 164-175.
Kucharzewski, M., Rojczyk, E., Wilemska-Kucharzewska, K., Wilk, R., Hudecki, J., & Los, M. J. (2019). Novel trends in application of stem cells in skin wound healing. European Journal of Pharmacology, 843, 307-315.
Surowiecka, A., Chrapusta, A., Klimeczek-Chrapusta, M., Korzeniowski, T., Drukała, J., & Strużyna, J. (2022). Mesenchymal stem cells in burn wound management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 15339.
Gentile, P., & Garcovich, S. (2021). Systematic review: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and biomaterials as new regenerative strategies in chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4), 1538.
Duscher, D., Barrera, J., Wong, V. W., Maan, Z. N., Whittam, A. J., Januszyk, M., & Gurtner, G. C. (2016). Stem cells in wound healing: The future of regenerative medicine? A mini-review. Gerontology, 62(2), 216-225.
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93-114
Published
January 15, 2025
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