Endometriozise Bağlı Ağrı; Medikal Yönetim
Synopsis
Endometriozis, endometriyal dokunun uterus dışında yerleşmesiyle ortaya çıkan kronik bir hastalıktır ve yaşam boyu yönetim gerektirir. Tedavi kararları, hastanın klinik tablosuna, semptomların şiddetine ve kişisel tercihlere göre özelleştirilmelidir. Medikal tedavi seçenekleri arasında non-steroid analjezikler, hormonal kontraseptifler, GnRH analogları ve aromataz inhibitörleri bulunur. NSAID'ler, primer dismenore için birinci basamak tedavi kabul edilirken, hormonal kontraseptifler uzun süreli kullanım ve düşük maliyet avantajı sunar. Progestinler, özellikle norethindrone asetat ve dienogest, doğurganlık istemeyen kadınlar için alternatif tedavi seçenekleridir. GnRH agonistleri etkili olsa da, yan etkileri azaltmak için ek tedavi gerektirebilir. Danazol, etkinliği yüksek olsa da androjenik yan etkileri nedeniyle tercih edilmez. Nöropatik ağrı tedavisinde, antidepresanlar ve antisezür ilaçlar kullanılır; kombinasyon tedavisi yaygın bir yaklaşımdır. Endometriozis tedavisinde hedef, ağrı yönetimi ve hastalığın ilerlemesini engellemektir. Tüm tedavi seçenekleri, hasta ile birlikte alınacak kararlara dayanmaktadır.
Endometriosis is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management caused by endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. Treatment decisions should be tailored to the patient’s clinical presentation, the severity of symptoms, and personal preferences. Medical treatment options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal contraceptives, GnRH analogs, and aromatase inhibitors. NSAIDs are considered the first-line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea, while hormonal contraceptives offer advantages of long-term use and low cost. Progestins, particularly norethindrone acetate and dienogest, are alternative treatment options for women who do not desire fertility. Although GnRH agonists are effective, they may require additional treatments to reduce side effects. Danazol, while highly effective, is less preferred due to its androgenic side effects. In the treatment of neuropathic pain, antidepressants and anticonvulsants are used, with combination therapy being a common approach. The goal of endometriosis treatment is to manage pain and prevent disease progression. All treatment options are based on decisions made in collaboration with the patient.
References
Treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: a committee opinion. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Fertil Steril. 2014 Apr;101(4):927-35. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea.Marjoribanks J, Proctor M, Farquhar C, Derks RS Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis.Brown J, Crawford TJ, Allen C, Hopewell S, Prentice A Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1:CD004753. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Induction of delayed follicular rupture in the human by the selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib: a randomized double-blind study. Pall M, Fridén BE, Brännström M Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1323.
Maturation and fertilization of nonhuman primate oocytes are compromised by oral administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.Duffy DM, VandeVoort CA Fertil Steril. 2011;95(4):1256. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
Delay of ovulation by meloxicam in healthy cycling volunteers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study.Bata MS, Al-Ramahi M, Salhab AS, Gharaibeh MN, Schwartz J J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(8):925.
Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives for the treatment of endometriosis: a systematic review.Zorbas KA, Economopoulos KP, Vlahos NF Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(1):37.
Medical Management of Endometriosis in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain.Bedaiwy MA, Allaire C, Yong P, Alfaraj S Semin Reprod Med. 2017;35(1):38. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
Ethinylestradiol 20 μg/drospirenone 3 mg in a flexible extended regimen for the management of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial.Harada T, Kosaka S, Elliesen J, Yasuda M, Ito M, Momoeda M Fertil Steril. 2017;108(5):798. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Randomized trial of leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.Guzick DS, Huang LS, Broadman BA, Nealon M, Hornstein MD Fertil Steril. 2011;95(5):1568.
ESHRE Guideline Endometriosis. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. February 2022. https://www.eshre.eu/Guidelines-and-Legal/Guidelines/Endometriosis-guideline (Accessed on February 09, 2022).
Continuous use of an oral contraceptive for endometriosis-associated recurrent dysmenorrhea that does not respond to a cyclic pill regimen.Vercellini P, Frontino G, De Giorgi O, Pietropaolo G, Pasin R, Crosignani PG Fertil Steril. 2003;80(3):560.
Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Vercellini P, Barbara G, Somigliana E, Bianchi S, Abbiati A, Fedele L. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(7):2150. Epub 2009 Mar 27.
ow-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, Hoshiai H, Terakawa N. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):1583. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Vercellini P, Trespidi L, Colombo A, Vendola N, Marchini M, Crosignani PG. Fertil Steril. 1993;60(1):75.
Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives for the treatment of endometriosis: a systematic review. Zorbas KA, Economopoulos KP, Vlahos NF, Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(1):37.
Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Muzii L, Di Tucci C, Achilli C, Di Donato V, Musella A, Palaia I, Panici PB. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(2):203.
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Vercellini P, Trespidi L, Colombo A, Vendola N, Marchini M, Crosignani PG, Fertil Steril. 1993;60(1):75.
Endometriosis. Hickey M, Ballard K, Farquhar C. BMJ. 2014;348:g1752.
Medical therapy of endometriosis. Olive DL, Semin Reprod Med. 2003 May;21(2):209-22.
Low-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, Hoshiai H, Terakawa N. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):1583. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
Epidemiology of endometriosis in women attending family planning clinics. Vessey MP, Villard-Mackintosh L, Painter R. BMJ. 1993;306(6871):182.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. NORETHINDRONE ACETATE - Norethindrone acetate tablet. US National Library of Medicine. Revised March 3, 2017. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=92c3793f-60ea-4b20-9e60-c1486520e61a (Accessed on December 01, 2017).
Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis. Brown J, Kives S, Akhtar M. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;
Dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis: systematic review. Andres Mde P, Lopes LA, Baracat EC, Podgaec S. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(3):523.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information: Medroxyprogesterone acetate injection. Revised April 6, 2016. US National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=390087a6-f3c3-4f0b-a930-79acf412f153 (Accessed on December 01, 2017).
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. NATAZIA - Estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest. US National Library of Medicine. Revised August 5, 2015. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=02c91fba-9c47-43ef-ac78-e82369798834 (Accessed on December 01, 2017).
Norethindrone acetate or dienogest for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis: a before and after study. Vercellini P, Bracco B, Mosconi P, Roberto A, Alberico D, Dhouha D, Somigliana E. Fertil Steril. 2016 Mar;105(3):734-743.e3. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Anti-angiogenic treatment strategies for the therapy of endometriosis. Laschke MW, Menger MD. Hum Reprod Update. 2012 Nov;18(6):682-702. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Cirkel U, Schweppe KW, Ochs H, et al. Effects of LHRH agonist therapy in the treatment of endometriosis. In: Gonadotropin Down-regulation in Gynecological Practice, Chadha DR, Willemsen WNP (Eds), Aln R Liss, New York 1986. Vol 25, p.189.
Implanon versus medroxyprogesterone acetate: effects on pain scores in patients with symptomatic endometriosis--a pilot study. Walch K, Unfried G, Huber J, Kurz C, van Trotsenburg M, Pernicka E, Wenzl R. Contraception. 2009;79(1):29. Epub 2008 Sep 25.
Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with etonogestrel subdermal implant (Implanon). Yisa SB, Okenwa AA, Husemeyer RP. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2005;31(1):67.
Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with etonogestrel subdermal implant (Implanon). Yisa SB, Okenwa AA, Husemeyer RP. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2005;31(1):67.
Postoperative medical treatment of chronic pelvic pain related to severe endometriosis: levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Bayoglu Tekin Y, Dilbaz B, Altinbas SK, Dilbaz S. Fertil Steril. 2011 Feb;95(2):492-6.
Postoperative levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for pelvic endometriosis-related pain: a randomized controlled trial. Tanmahasamut P, Rattanachaiyanont M, Angsuwathana S, Techatraisak K, Indhavivadhana S, Leerasiri P. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Mar;119(3):519-26.
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) and Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depoprovera) as long-term maintenance therapy for patients with moderate and severe endometriosis: a randomised controlled trial. Wong AY, Tang LC, Chin RK. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;50(3):273.
Effect of etonogestrel implant on serum lipids, liver function tests and hemoglobin levels. Dilbaz B, Ozdegirmenci O, Caliskan E, Dilbaz S, Haberal A. Contraception. 2010 Jun;81(6):510-4. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis. Brown J, Pan A, Hart RJ. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;
Combined surgical and hormone therapy for endometriosis is the most effective treatment: prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Alkatout I, Mettler L, Beteta C, Hedderich J, Jonat W, Schollmeyer T, Salmassi A. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2013;20(4):473.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved drug information. Lupron Depot - Leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg. US National Library of Medicine. Revised October 30, 2016. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=60aad237-e1da-4705-cbbb-b3ca79e89ad8 (Accessed on March 29, 2016).
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. Synarel - Nafarelin acetate spray. US National Library of Medicine. Revised August 25, 2015. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d0aa57cb-d2f4-46d7-af43-7c8b06aa81a6 (Accessed on March 29, 2016).
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. Lupron Depot - Leuprolide acetate 11.25 mg. US National Library of Medicine. Revised October 30, 2013. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=60aad237-e1da-4705-cbbb-b3ca79e89ad8 (Accessed on March 29, 2016).
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for endometriosis: bone mineral density. Sagsveen M, Farmer JE, Prentice A, Breeze A. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;
New developments in the medical treatment of endometriosis. Bedaiwy MA, Alfaraj S, Yong P, Casper R Fertil Steril. 2017;107(3):555. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Orlissa-elagolix tablet, film coated. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised Feb, 2021. US National Library of Medicine. www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed on June 21, 2022).
Once daily oral relugolix combination therapy versus placebo in patients with endometriosis-associated pain: two replicate phase 3, randomised, double-blind, studies (SPIRIT 1 and 2). Giudice LC, As-Sanie S, Arjona Ferreira JC, Becker CM, Abrao MS, Lessey BA, Brown E, Dynowski K, Wilk K, Li Y, Mathur V, Warsi QA, Wagman RB, Johnson NP Lancet. 2022;399(10343):2267.
Elagolix. EMEA-0013230PIP02-12. European Medicines Agency. Nov 2013. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/paediatric-investigation-plans/emea-001323-pip02-12 (Accessed on June 21, 2022).
MYFEMBREE- relugolix, estradiol hemihydrate, and norethindrone acetate tablet, film coated. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised October, 2021. US National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm (Accessed on August 08, 2022).
Myfembree [package insert]. Brisbane, CA: Myovant Sciences, Inc; 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/214846s002lbl.pdf (Accessed on August 10, 2022).
MYFEMBREE- relugolix, estradiol hemihydrate, and norethindrone acetate tablet, film coated. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised Janusary 2023. US National Library of Medicine. www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed on January 31, 2023).
Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist. Taylor HS, Giudice LC, Lessey BA, Abrao MS, Kotarski J, Archer DF, Diamond MP, Surrey E, Johnson NP, Watts NB, Gallagher JC, Simon JA, Carr BR, Dmowski WP, Leyland N, Rowan JP, Duan WR, Ng J, Schwefel B, Thomas JW, Jain RI, Chwalisz K N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):28. Epub 2017 May 19.
Clinically Meaningful Reduction in Dyspareunia Is Associated With Significant Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Women With Moderate to Severe Pain Associated With Endometriosis: A Pooled Analysis of Two Phase III Trials of Elagolix.Agarwal SK, Soliman AM, Pokrzywinski RM, Snabes MC, Coyne KSJ Sex Med. 2020;17(12):2427. Epub 2020 Sep 12.
Long-Term Outcomes of Elagolix in Women With Endometriosis: Results From Two Extension Studies.Surrey E, Taylor HS, Giudice L, Lessey BA, Abrao MS, Archer DF, Diamond MP, Johnson NP, Watts NB, Gallagher JC,
Simon JA, Carr BR, Dmowski WP, Leyland N, Singh SS, Rechberger T, Agarwal SK, Duan WR, Schwefel B, Thomas JW, Peloso PM, Ng J, Soliman AM, Chwalisz K Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(1):147.
Danazol for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Selak V, Farquhar C, Prentice A, Singla A Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;
Placebo-controlled comparison of danazol and high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. Telimaa S, Puolakka J, Rönnberg L, Kauppila A Gynecol Endocrinol. 1987;1(1):13.
Permanent voice change resulting from Danazol therapy. Boothroyd CV, Lepre F Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990 Aug;30(3):275-6.
Vaginally Administered Danazol: An Overlooked Option in the Treatment of Rectovaginal Endometriosis? Godin R, Marcoux V J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015 Dec;37(12):1098-103.
Aromatase inhibitors: the next generation of therapeutics for endometriosis? Attar E, Bulun SE Fertil Steril. 2006;85(5):1307.
Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of severe endometriosis. Mousa NA, Bedaiwy MA, Casper RF Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(6):1421.
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 738: Aromatase Inhibitors in Gynecologic Practice. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(6):1.
Estrogen production in endometriosis and use of aromatase inhibitors to treat endometriosis. Bulun SE, Zeitoun K, Takayama K, Noble L, Michael D, Simpson E, Johns A, Putman M, Sasano H Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999;6(2):293.
Systematic review of the effects of aromatase inhibitors on pain associated with endometriosis. Nawathe A, Patwardhan S, Yates D, Harrison GR, Khan KS BJOG. 2008;115(7):818.
The effects of post-surgical administration of goserelin plus anastrozole compared to goserelin alone in patients with severe endometriosis: a prospective randomized trial.Soysal S, Soysal ME, Ozer S, Gul N, Gezgin T Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):160.
Letrozole combined with norethisterone acetate compared with norethisterone acetate alone in the treatment of pain symptoms caused by endometriosis.Ferrero S, Camerini G, Seracchioli R, Ragni N, Venturini PL, Remorgida V Hum Reprod. 2009;24(12):3033. Epub 2009 Sep 2.
Letrozole and norethisterone acetate versus letrozole and triptorelin in the treatment of endometriosis related pain symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Ferrero S, Venturini PL, Gillott DJ, Remorgida V Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:88. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
Anastrazole and oral contraceptives: a novel treatment for endometriosis. Amsterdam LL, Gentry W, Jobanputra S, Wolf M, Rubin SD, Bulun SE Fertil Steril. 2005;84(2):300.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea.Marjoribanks J, Proctor M, Farquhar C, Derks RS Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain in women with endometriosis.Brown J, Crawford TJ, Allen C, Hopewell S, Prentice A Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1:CD004753. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Induction of delayed follicular rupture in the human by the selective COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib: a randomized double-blind study. Pall M, Fridén BE, Brännström M Hum Reprod. 2001;16(7):1323.
Maturation and fertilization of nonhuman primate oocytes are compromised by oral administration of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor.Duffy DM, VandeVoort CA Fertil Steril. 2011;95(4):1256. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
Delay of ovulation by meloxicam in healthy cycling volunteers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study.Bata MS, Al-Ramahi M, Salhab AS, Gharaibeh MN, Schwartz J J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;46(8):925.
Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives for the treatment of endometriosis: a systematic review.Zorbas KA, Economopoulos KP, Vlahos NF Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(1):37.
Medical Management of Endometriosis in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain.Bedaiwy MA, Allaire C, Yong P, Alfaraj S Semin Reprod Med. 2017;35(1):38. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
Ethinylestradiol 20 μg/drospirenone 3 mg in a flexible extended regimen for the management of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: a randomized controlled trial.Harada T, Kosaka S, Elliesen J, Yasuda M, Ito M, Momoeda M Fertil Steril. 2017;108(5):798. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Randomized trial of leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.Guzick DS, Huang LS, Broadman BA, Nealon M, Hornstein MD Fertil Steril. 2011;95(5):1568.
ESHRE Guideline Endometriosis. European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. February 2022. https://www.eshre.eu/Guidelines-and-Legal/Guidelines/Endometriosis-guideline (Accessed on February 09, 2022).
Continuous use of an oral contraceptive for endometriosis-associated recurrent dysmenorrhea that does not respond to a cyclic pill regimen.Vercellini P, Frontino G, De Giorgi O, Pietropaolo G, Pasin R, Crosignani PG Fertil Steril. 2003;80(3):560.
Comparison of contraceptive ring and patch for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis. Vercellini P, Barbara G, Somigliana E, Bianchi S, Abbiati A, Fedele L. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(7):2150. Epub 2009 Mar 27.
ow-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, Hoshiai H, Terakawa N. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):1583. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Vercellini P, Trespidi L, Colombo A, Vendola N, Marchini M, Crosignani PG. Fertil Steril. 1993;60(1):75.
Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives for the treatment of endometriosis: a systematic review. Zorbas KA, Economopoulos KP, Vlahos NF, Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(1):37.
Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Muzii L, Di Tucci C, Achilli C, Di Donato V, Musella A, Palaia I, Panici PB. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(2):203.
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus a low-dose oral contraceptive for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Vercellini P, Trespidi L, Colombo A, Vendola N, Marchini M, Crosignani PG, Fertil Steril. 1993;60(1):75.
Endometriosis. Hickey M, Ballard K, Farquhar C. BMJ. 2014;348:g1752.
Medical therapy of endometriosis. Olive DL, Semin Reprod Med. 2003 May;21(2):209-22.
Low-dose oral contraceptive pill for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. Harada T, Momoeda M, Taketani Y, Hoshiai H, Terakawa N. Fertil Steril. 2008;90(5):1583. Epub 2007 Dec 27.
Epidemiology of endometriosis in women attending family planning clinics. Vessey MP, Villard-Mackintosh L, Painter R. BMJ. 1993;306(6871):182.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. NORETHINDRONE ACETATE - Norethindrone acetate tablet. US National Library of Medicine. Revised March 3, 2017. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=92c3793f-60ea-4b20-9e60-c1486520e61a (Accessed on December 01, 2017).
Progestagens and anti-progestagens for pain associated with endometriosis. Brown J, Kives S, Akhtar M. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;
Dienogest in the treatment of endometriosis: systematic review. Andres Mde P, Lopes LA, Baracat EC, Podgaec S. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(3):523.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information: Medroxyprogesterone acetate injection. Revised April 6, 2016. US National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=390087a6-f3c3-4f0b-a930-79acf412f153 (Accessed on December 01, 2017).
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. NATAZIA - Estradiol valerate and estradiol valerate/dienogest. US National Library of Medicine. Revised August 5, 2015. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=02c91fba-9c47-43ef-ac78-e82369798834 (Accessed on December 01, 2017).
Norethindrone acetate or dienogest for the treatment of symptomatic endometriosis: a before and after study. Vercellini P, Bracco B, Mosconi P, Roberto A, Alberico D, Dhouha D, Somigliana E. Fertil Steril. 2016 Mar;105(3):734-743.e3. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Anti-angiogenic treatment strategies for the therapy of endometriosis. Laschke MW, Menger MD. Hum Reprod Update. 2012 Nov;18(6):682-702. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
Cirkel U, Schweppe KW, Ochs H, et al. Effects of LHRH agonist therapy in the treatment of endometriosis. In: Gonadotropin Down-regulation in Gynecological Practice, Chadha DR, Willemsen WNP (Eds), Aln R Liss, New York 1986. Vol 25, p.189.
Implanon versus medroxyprogesterone acetate: effects on pain scores in patients with symptomatic endometriosis--a pilot study. Walch K, Unfried G, Huber J, Kurz C, van Trotsenburg M, Pernicka E, Wenzl R. Contraception. 2009;79(1):29. Epub 2008 Sep 25.
Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with etonogestrel subdermal implant (Implanon). Yisa SB, Okenwa AA, Husemeyer RP. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2005;31(1):67.
Treatment of pelvic endometriosis with etonogestrel subdermal implant (Implanon). Yisa SB, Okenwa AA, Husemeyer RP. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2005;31(1):67.
Postoperative medical treatment of chronic pelvic pain related to severe endometriosis: levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. Bayoglu Tekin Y, Dilbaz B, Altinbas SK, Dilbaz S. Fertil Steril. 2011 Feb;95(2):492-6.
Postoperative levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for pelvic endometriosis-related pain: a randomized controlled trial. Tanmahasamut P, Rattanachaiyanont M, Angsuwathana S, Techatraisak K, Indhavivadhana S, Leerasiri P. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Mar;119(3):519-26.
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) and Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depoprovera) as long-term maintenance therapy for patients with moderate and severe endometriosis: a randomised controlled trial. Wong AY, Tang LC, Chin RK. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;50(3):273.
Effect of etonogestrel implant on serum lipids, liver function tests and hemoglobin levels. Dilbaz B, Ozdegirmenci O, Caliskan E, Dilbaz S, Haberal A. Contraception. 2010 Jun;81(6):510-4. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis. Brown J, Pan A, Hart RJ. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;
Combined surgical and hormone therapy for endometriosis is the most effective treatment: prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Alkatout I, Mettler L, Beteta C, Hedderich J, Jonat W, Schollmeyer T, Salmassi A. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2013;20(4):473.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved drug information. Lupron Depot - Leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg. US National Library of Medicine. Revised October 30, 2016. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=60aad237-e1da-4705-cbbb-b3ca79e89ad8 (Accessed on March 29, 2016).
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. Synarel - Nafarelin acetate spray. US National Library of Medicine. Revised August 25, 2015. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d0aa57cb-d2f4-46d7-af43-7c8b06aa81a6 (Accessed on March 29, 2016).
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approved product information. Lupron Depot - Leuprolide acetate 11.25 mg. US National Library of Medicine. Revised October 30, 2013. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=60aad237-e1da-4705-cbbb-b3ca79e89ad8 (Accessed on March 29, 2016).
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for endometriosis: bone mineral density. Sagsveen M, Farmer JE, Prentice A, Breeze A. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;
New developments in the medical treatment of endometriosis. Bedaiwy MA, Alfaraj S, Yong P, Casper R Fertil Steril. 2017;107(3):555. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Orlissa-elagolix tablet, film coated. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised Feb, 2021. US National Library of Medicine. www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed on June 21, 2022).
Once daily oral relugolix combination therapy versus placebo in patients with endometriosis-associated pain: two replicate phase 3, randomised, double-blind, studies (SPIRIT 1 and 2). Giudice LC, As-Sanie S, Arjona Ferreira JC, Becker CM, Abrao MS, Lessey BA, Brown E, Dynowski K, Wilk K, Li Y, Mathur V, Warsi QA, Wagman RB, Johnson NP Lancet. 2022;399(10343):2267.
Elagolix. EMEA-0013230PIP02-12. European Medicines Agency. Nov 2013. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/paediatric-investigation-plans/emea-001323-pip02-12 (Accessed on June 21, 2022).
MYFEMBREE- relugolix, estradiol hemihydrate, and norethindrone acetate tablet, film coated. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised October, 2021. US National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/index.cfm (Accessed on August 08, 2022).
Myfembree [package insert]. Brisbane, CA: Myovant Sciences, Inc; 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/214846s002lbl.pdf (Accessed on August 10, 2022).
MYFEMBREE- relugolix, estradiol hemihydrate, and norethindrone acetate tablet, film coated. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved product information. Revised Janusary 2023. US National Library of Medicine. www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov (Accessed on January 31, 2023).
Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain with Elagolix, an Oral GnRH Antagonist. Taylor HS, Giudice LC, Lessey BA, Abrao MS, Kotarski J, Archer DF, Diamond MP, Surrey E, Johnson NP, Watts NB, Gallagher JC, Simon JA, Carr BR, Dmowski WP, Leyland N, Rowan JP, Duan WR, Ng J, Schwefel B, Thomas JW, Jain RI, Chwalisz K N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):28. Epub 2017 May 19.
Clinically Meaningful Reduction in Dyspareunia Is Associated With Significant Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Women With Moderate to Severe Pain Associated With Endometriosis: A Pooled Analysis of Two Phase III Trials of Elagolix.Agarwal SK, Soliman AM, Pokrzywinski RM, Snabes MC, Coyne KSJ Sex Med. 2020;17(12):2427. Epub 2020 Sep 12.
Long-Term Outcomes of Elagolix in Women With Endometriosis: Results From Two Extension Studies.Surrey E, Taylor HS, Giudice L, Lessey BA, Abrao MS, Archer DF, Diamond MP, Johnson NP, Watts NB, Gallagher JC,
Simon JA, Carr BR, Dmowski WP, Leyland N, Singh SS, Rechberger T, Agarwal SK, Duan WR, Schwefel B, Thomas JW, Peloso PM, Ng J, Soliman AM, Chwalisz K Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(1):147.
Danazol for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. Selak V, Farquhar C, Prentice A, Singla A Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;
Placebo-controlled comparison of danazol and high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. Telimaa S, Puolakka J, Rönnberg L, Kauppila A Gynecol Endocrinol. 1987;1(1):13.
Permanent voice change resulting from Danazol therapy. Boothroyd CV, Lepre F Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990 Aug;30(3):275-6.
Vaginally Administered Danazol: An Overlooked Option in the Treatment of Rectovaginal Endometriosis? Godin R, Marcoux V J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2015 Dec;37(12):1098-103.
Aromatase inhibitors: the next generation of therapeutics for endometriosis? Attar E, Bulun SE Fertil Steril. 2006;85(5):1307.
Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of severe endometriosis. Mousa NA, Bedaiwy MA, Casper RF Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(6):1421.
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 738: Aromatase Inhibitors in Gynecologic Practice. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(6):1.
Estrogen production in endometriosis and use of aromatase inhibitors to treat endometriosis. Bulun SE, Zeitoun K, Takayama K, Noble L, Michael D, Simpson E, Johns A, Putman M, Sasano H Endocr Relat Cancer. 1999;6(2):293.
Systematic review of the effects of aromatase inhibitors on pain associated with endometriosis. Nawathe A, Patwardhan S, Yates D, Harrison GR, Khan KS BJOG. 2008;115(7):818.
The effects of post-surgical administration of goserelin plus anastrozole compared to goserelin alone in patients with severe endometriosis: a prospective randomized trial.Soysal S, Soysal ME, Ozer S, Gul N, Gezgin T Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):160.
Letrozole combined with norethisterone acetate compared with norethisterone acetate alone in the treatment of pain symptoms caused by endometriosis.Ferrero S, Camerini G, Seracchioli R, Ragni N, Venturini PL, Remorgida V Hum Reprod. 2009;24(12):3033. Epub 2009 Sep 2.
Letrozole and norethisterone acetate versus letrozole and triptorelin in the treatment of endometriosis related pain symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Ferrero S, Venturini PL, Gillott DJ, Remorgida V Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:88. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
Anastrazole and oral contraceptives: a novel treatment for endometriosis. Amsterdam LL, Gentry W, Jobanputra S, Wolf M, Rubin SD, Bulun SE Fertil Steril. 2005;84(2):300.
Pages
71-80
Published
January 21, 2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Academician Publishing Book Portal
