Balneoterapi: Dünyada ve Türkiye’deki Durum
Synopsis
Balneoterapi, termal suların veya mineralli çamurların terapötik amaçlarla kullanılmasıyla gerçekleştirilen bir tedavi yöntemidir. Balneoterapi kaplıca ve kür merkezleri gibi çeşitli kuruluşlarda koruyucu, tedavi edici ve rehabilitasyon amaçlarıyla yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu tedavi yöntemi, termal ve mineralli sularla gerçekleştirilen uygulamalara dayanmaktadır. Zaman içinde, balneoterapi ve hidroterapi uygulamalarının kullanım alanları giderek genişlemekte ve dünya genelinde birçok balneoterapi merkezi bulunmaktadır. Balneoterapi, dünyada sağlık turizminde önemli bir rol oynayan ve destinasyonlar için çekici bir unsur haline gelen bir tedavi yöntemidir. Termal suların sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkileri ve tedavi potansiyeli, birçok kişinin sağlık turizmi amacıyla balneoterapi merkezlerini tercih etmesine neden olmaktadır. Türkiye, kaynak zenginliği ve jeotermal potansiyeli bakımından dünyanın önde gelen ülkelerinden biridir. Ülkemizde tamamlayıcı tedavi yöntemleri kapsamında, özellikle termal turizmin alt bir hizmeti olarak değerlendiren balneoterapi bakımından zengin kaynaklara ve merkezlere sahiptir. Bu bölümde, sağlık turizmi açısından önemli bir rol oynayan balneoterapi uygulamalarının dünya çapındaki ve ülkemizdeki rolünün değerlendirilmesini hedefliyoruz.
Balneotherapy is a therapeutic treatment method thatinvolves the use of thermal watersor mineral muds for therapeutic purposes. Balneotherapy is widely used forpreventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative purposes in various establishments such as spas and wellness centers. This treatment method is based on applications performed with thermal and mineral waters. Over time, the usage areas of balneotherapy and hydrotherapy have been expanding, and there are numerous balneotherapy centers worldwide. Balneotherapyplays a significant role in medical tourism globally and has become an attractive feature for destinations. The positive effects of thermal waters on health and their therapeutic potential lead many individuals to prefer balneotherapy centers for medical tourism purposes. Turkey is one of the leading countries globally in terms of resource richness and geothermal potential. In our country, rich resources and centers are available for balneotherapy, especially considered as a sub-service of thermal tourism within the scope of complementary treatment methods. In this section, we aim to evaluate the role of balneotherapypractices in medical tourism both globally and in our country, which plays a significant role in health tourism.
References
Pope-Cruickshank J. Hydrotherapy. Nurs Stand 1988; 2: 30–1.
Ziemska J, Solecka J, Mazańska M, Szynal T. Natural groundwaters in Poland - occurrence, properties and chemical types. Rocz Państwowego Zakładu Hig 2020; : 363–70.
Yang B, Qin Q zhong, Han L li, Lin J, Chen Y. Spa therapy (balneotherapy) relieves mental stress, sleep disorder, and general health problems in sub-healthy people. Int J Biometeorol 2018; 62: 261–72.
Jagger M, Zmood D. Hydrotherapy by physiotherapists in a community health centre. Aust Fam Physician 1984; 13: 878–81.
Sukenik S. Spa treatment for arthritis at the Dead Sea area. Isr J Med Sci 1994; 30: 919–21.
Gomes C, Carretero MI, Pozo M, Maraver F, Cantista P, Armijo F, ve ark. Peloids and pelotherapy: Historical evolution, classification and glossary. Appl Clay Sci 2013; 75–76: 28–38.
Forestier R, Erol-Forestier FB, Francon A. Current role for spa therapy in rheumatology. Jt Bone Spine 2017; 84: 9–13.
Verhagen AP, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Boers M, Cardoso JR, Lambeck J, de Bie R, ve ark. Balneotherapy for osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; .
Harzy T, Ghani N, Akasbi N, Bono W, Nejjari C. Short- and long-term therapeutic effects of thermal mineral waters in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28: 501–7.
Fioravanti A, Giannitti C, Bellisai B, Iacoponi F, Galeazzi M. Efficacy of balneotherapy on pain, function and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Int J Biometeorol 2012; 56: 583–90.
Espejo-Antunez L, Cardero-Duran MA, Garrido-Ardila EM, Torres-Piles S, Caro-Puertolas B. Clinical effectiveness of mud pack therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology 2013; 52: 659–68.
Forestier R, Erol Forestier FB, Francon A. Spa therapy and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016; 59: 216–26.
Liu H, Zeng C, Gao S guang, Yang T, Luo W, Li Y sheng, ve ark.The effect of mud therapy on pain relief in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Int Med Res 2013; 41: 1418–25.
Sukenik S, Buskila D, Neumann L, Kleiner-Baumgarten A. Mud pack therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1992; 11: 243–7.
Brosseau L, MacLeay L, Robinson V, Casimiro L, Pelland L, Wells G, ve ark. Efficacy of Balneotherapy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review. Phys Ther Rev 2002; 7: 209–22.
Santos I, Cantista P, Vasconcelos C. Balneotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis—a systematic review. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60: 1287–301.
Evcik D, Kızılay B, Gökçen E. The effects of balneotherapy on fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2002; 22: 56–9.
Fioravanti A, Perpignano G, Tirri G, Cardinale G, Gianniti C, Lanza CE, ve ark. Effects of mud-bath treatment on fibromyalgia patients: a randomized clinical trial. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27: 1157–61.
Özkurt S, Dönmez A, Zeki Karagülle M, Uzunoğlu E, Turan M, Erdoğan N. Balneotherapy in fibromyalgia: a single blind randomized controlled clinical study. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 1949–54.
Yurtkuran M, Ay A, Karakoç Y. Improvement of the clinical outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis by balneotherapy. Jt Bone Spine 2005; 72: 303–8.
McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Arden NK, Berenbaum F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, ve ark. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 2014; 22: 363–88.
Sramek P, Simeckova M, Jansky L, Savlikova J, Vybiral S. Human physiological responses to immersion into water of different temperatures. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 81: 436–42.
Fioravanti A, Cantarini L, Guidelli GM, Galeazzi M. Mechanisms of action of spa therapies in rheumatic diseases: what scientific evidence is there? Rheumatol Int 2011; 31: 1–8.
Halevy S, Giryes H, Friger M, Grossman N, Karpas Z, Sarov B, ve ark. The role of trace elements in psoriatic patients undergoing balneotherapy with Dead Sea bath salt. Isr Med Assoc J 2001; 3: 828–32.
Shani J, Barak S, Levi D, Ram M, Schachner ER, Schlesinger T, ve ark. Skin penetration of minerals in psoriatics and guinea-pigs bathing in hypertonic salt solutions. Pharmacol Res Commun 1985; 17: 501–12.
Beer AM, Junginger HE, Lukanov J, Sagorchev P. Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro. Int J Pharm 2003; 253: 169–75.
Kovács I, Bender T. The therapeutic effects of Cserkeszölö thermal water in osteoarthritis of the knee: a double blind, controlled, follow-up study. Rheumatol Int 2002; 21: 218–21.
Balogh Z, Ördögh J, Gász A, Német L, Bender T. Effectiveness of Balneotherapy in Chronic Low Back Pain – a Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Follow-up Study. Complement Med Res 2005; 12: 196–201.
Torres-Pruñonosa J, Raya JM, Crespo-Sogas P, Mur-Gimeno E. The economic and social value of spa tourism: The case of balneotherapy in Maresme, Spain. Kardeş S, editor. PLoS One 2022; 17: e0262428.
Kervankıran İ. Between Traditional and Modern: Thermal Tourism in Turkey. In 2016. p. 109–24.
Cheng X, Yang Y, Schwebel DC, Liu Z, Li L, Cheng P,ve ark. Population ageing and mortality during 1990–2017: A global decomposition analysis. Basu S, editor. PLOS Med 2020; 17: e1003138.
UNWTO World Tourism Barometer (English version). UN Tour Elibrary 2024; 22: 1–44.
van Tubergen A. A brief history of spa therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61: 273–5.
Ablin JN, Häuser W, Buskila D. Spa Treatment (Balneotherapy) for Fibromyalgia—A Qualitative-Narrative Review and a Historical Perspective. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 2013; 2013: 1–5.
Fam AG. Spa treatment in arthritis: a rheumatologist’s view. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1775–7.
Nicholas JJ. Physical modalities in rheumatological rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 994–1001.
Cosh JA. The Rheumatologist and the Spa. R Soc Health J 1982; 102: 189–92.
Türkiye Kaplıcaları “Kaplıca Arama Portalı” [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://kaplica.saglik.gov.tr/
Mertoğlu O, Şimşek Ş, Başarır N. Geothermal Country Update Report of Turkey (2005-2010). In: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress [Internet] Melbourne; 2015. p. 1–9.
Karagülle M, Karagülle Z. State of the art in Turkish research in medical balneology and hydroclimatology. Press therm Clim 2009; 146: 137–47.
Karagülle MZ, Karagülle M. Balneotherapie und Kurorttherapie rheumatischer Erkrankungen in der Türkei: Ein systematischer Review. Complement Med Res 2004; 11: 33–41.
