Nonimmun Hidrops Fetalis
Synopsis
Hidrops fetalis, fetus ve yenidoğan bebeklerde seröz boşluklarda (peritoneal, plevral, perikardiyal) genel anlamda patolojik sıvı birikmesiyle karakterize ödemi tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terimdir. Eritrosit alloimmünizasyona bağlı hidrops fetalis İmmün hidrops olarak bunun dışında kalanlar ise Nonimmun hidrops fetalis olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Nonimmun hidrops fetalis 1/1500 - 1/3800 arasında sıklığı değişmektedir. İntrauterin fetal ölümler ve gebelik terminasyonu sonrası doğumdaki insidansı 1/10000’e düşmektedir. Nonimmun Hidrops Fetalis allta yatan etyolojik nedene bağlı olarak mortalite %55-90 arasında olmakla birlikte halen yüksek seyretmektedir. Antenatal dönemde tedavi edilebilen sınırlı sayıda hidrops nedenleri vardır. NIHF riski, etiyolojiye bağlıdır; bu nedenle nedeni belirlemek için her çaba sarf edilmelidir.
Hydrops fetalis is a term used to describe edema characterized by a general pathological accumulation of fluid in the serous spaces (peritoneal, pleural, pericardial) of fetuses and newborn infants. Hydrops fetalis due to erythrocyte alloimmunization is called Immune hydrops, while others are called Nonimmune hydrops fetalis. The frequency of nonimmune hydrops fetalis varies between 1/1500 and 1/3800. The incidence decreases to 1/10,000 in births following intrauterine fetal deaths and pregnancy termination. Although Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis has a mortality rate of 55-90% depending on the underlying etiological cause, it still remains high. There are a limited number of causes of hydrops that can be treated during the antenatal period. The risk of NIHF depends on etiology; therefore every effort should be made to determine the cause.
References
Crowther CA, Middleton P. Anti-D administration aft¬er childbirth for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1997, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD000021.
Desilets V,De Bie I,Audibert F No.363-Investigation and Management of Non İmmüne Fetal Hydrops. J Gynaecol Can, 2018. 40:1077-1090.
Norton ME, Chauhan SP, Dashe JS, (SMFM) SfM-FM: Society for maternal-fetal medicine (SMFM) clinical guideline #7: nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015, 212(2):127–139. [PubMed: 25557883]
Livingston JC, Malik KM, Crombleholme TM, et al. Mirror syndrome: a novel approach to therapy with fetal peritoneal-amniotic shunt. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110:540.
Céspedes R, Parvovirus B19 infection: a case of Mirror syndrome, 15th World Congress in Fetal Medicine, June 26-30, Mallorca/Spain 2016.
Bellini C, Hennekam RC. Non-immune hydrops fetalis: a short review of etiology and pathophysiology. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:597.
Bellini C, Donarini G, Paladini D, et al. Etiology of non immun hydrops fetalis:an update.Am J Med Genet A,2015. 167A:1082-1088.
Lorch SA, Mollen TJ, Nonimmune Hydrops fetalis. İn Christine A. Gleason,Sandra E.Juul (Eds) Avery’s Diseases of the Newborn(Ten Edition),Elsevier, 2018; pp82-89.
McBrien A, Sands A, Craig B, et al. Major congenital heart disease: antenatal detection, patient characteristics and outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009;22(2):101–105.
Ishida H, Inamura N, Kawazu Y, et al. Clinical features of the complete closure of the duc tus arteriosus prenatally. Congenit Heart Dis. 2011;6(1):51–56.
Isaacs H. Perinatal (fetal and neonatal) tuberous sclerosis: a review. Am J Perinatol. 2009;26(10):755–760.
Moodley S, Sanatani S, Potts JE, et al. Postnatal outcome in patients with fetal tachycardia. Pediatr Cardiol. 2013;34(1):81–87.
Nassr AA, Ness A, Hosseinzadeh P, et al. Outcome and treatment of antenatally diagnosed nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2018;43(2):123–128.
Akdag A, Tunc B, Oguz S, et al. A Newborn with Down syndrome- transient myeloproliferative disorder. J Perinat Med. 2010;38:445 447.
Witlox RS, Lopriore E, Oepkes D. Prenatal interventions for fetal lung lesions. Prenat Diagn. 2011;31:628–636.
Loh KC, Jelin E, Hirose S, et al. Microcystic congenital pulmonary airway malformation with hydrops fetalis: steroids vs open fetal re section. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:36–39.
Cavoretto P, Molina F, Poggi S, et al. Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of echogenic fetal lung lesions. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2008;32:769-783.
Chon AH, Chmait HR, Korst LM, et al. Long- term outcomes after thoracoamniotic shunt for pleural effusions with secondary hydrops. J Surg Res. 2019;233:304–309.
Abbasi N, Ryan G. Fetal primary pleural effusions: prenatal diagnosis and management. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;58:66–77.
Forouzan I.Hydrops fetalis: recent advances. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 1997;52:130-138.
Jatavan P, Chattipakorn N, Tongsong T. Fetal hemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis: pathophysiology, prenatal diagnosis and possibility of intrauterine treatment. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(7):946–957.
Tannirandorn Y, Nicolini U, Nicolaidis P, et al. Intrauterine death due to fetomaternal hemorrhage despite successful treatment of fetal anemia. J Perinat Med. 1990;18:223.
Maisonneuve E, Ben M’Barek I, Leblanc T, et al. Managing the unusual causes of fetal anemia. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2020;47(2):156–164.
Randenberg A. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis part I: etiology and pathophysiology. Neonatal New,2010;29:281-295.
Xiong YQ, Tan J, Liu YM, et al. The risk of maternal parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy on fetal loss and fetal hydrops: a systematic review and meta- analysis. J Clin Virol. 2019;114:12–20.
Gimovsky AC, Paola L, Vincenzo B. Lysosomal storage disease as an etiology of nonimmune hydrops. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(3):281–290.
Gort L, Reyes- Granell M, Fernández G, et al. Fast protocol for the diagnosis of lysosomal diseases in nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Prenat Diagn. 2012;32:1139–1142.
Liu Y, Wang L, Yang YK, et al. Prenatal diag nosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia using targeted next- generation sequencing: an analysis of 30 cases. Diagn Pathol. 2019;14(1):76.
Han J, Yang YD, Liu WJ, et al. Rapid prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia using medical trio exome sequencing: benefit for prenatal counseling and pregnancy management. Prenat Diag. 2020;40(5):577–584.
Lockwood CJ, Julien S. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonimmune-hydrops-fetalis,
Maisonneuve E, Ben M’Barek I, Leblanc T, et al. Managing the unusual causes of fetal anemia. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2020;47(2):156–164.
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, D’Amico A, et al. Outcome of twin- twin transfusion syndrome according to Quintero stage of disease: systematic review and meta- analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;56(6):811–820.
Ishida H, Inamura N, Kawazu Y, et al. Clinical features of the complete closure of the ductus arteriosus prenatally. Congenit Heart Dis. 2011;6(1):51–56.
Tjeertes IF, Bastiaans DE, van Ganzewinkel CJ, et al. Neonatal anemia and hydrops fetalis after maternal mycophenolate mofetil use. J Perina tol. 2007;27(1):62–64.
Ek S, Rosenborg S. Mesalazine as a cause of fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(50):e9277.
Yanai N, Shveiky D. Fetal hydrops, associated with maternal propylthiouracil exposure, reversed by intrauterine therapy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004;23(2):198–201.
Van Mieghem T, Al- Ibrahim A, Deprest J, et al. Minimally invasive therapy for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: case series and systematic review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;43(6):611–619.
Masmejan S, Baud D, Ryan G, et al. Management of fetal tumors. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;58:107–120.
Russell RT, Carlin A, Ashworth M, et al. Diffuse placental chorioangiomatosis and fetal hydrops. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2007;22(3):183 185.
