Menopoz ve Cinsel Sağlık
Synopsis
Menopoz overlerin üreme fonksiyonlarının azalması sonucu menstruasyonun kalıcı olarak sonlanmasıdır. Menopoz döneminde östrojen azalmasına bağlı kadınlarda birtakım vazomotor, genitoüriner, kas-iskelet sistemi, kardiyovasküler sistem, cilt ve vücut algısında değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Bu değişiklikler sonucunda cinsel isteğin azalması, disparoni, vajinismus, cinsel ilişkiden kaçınma, libido ve orgazm sorunları ortaya çıkabilir. Tüm bunlar kadınlarda evlilik uyumunu ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyebilmektedir. Yaşam süresinin artmasıyla birlikte kadınların yaşamlarının üçte birini menopoz döneminde geçirmeleri nedeniyle bu dönemde cinsel sağlıklarını iyileştirmeye yönelik yaklaşımlar yaşam kalitelerinin artmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu anlamda sağlık personellerine özellikle hemşirelere büyük görevler düşmektedir. Hemşireler cinsel sağlığı geliştirmek için kadınlara dengeli beslenme, düzenli fiziksel aktivite, kegel egzersizleri, yeterli uyku ve dinlenme, eş ile iletişim, düzenli cinsel ilişkinin önemi ve cinsel sorunlar konusunda eğitim ve danışmanlık vermelidir.
Bu bölümde uluslararası ve ulusal literatür incelenmiş olup menopozal dönemde cinsellik açıklanmış, cinsel sağlığı etkileyen faktörler ve yaşanan sorunlar derlenmiş, tüm bunlara yönelik hemşirelik bakımı incelenmiş olup bu konuda sağlık profesyonellerine yönelik güncel bir kaynak sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
References
WHO. Menopause. Online https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause Accessed: 31 November 2023
NIH. What is menopause? Online https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/what-menopause Accessed: 31 November 2023
Avcı Başboğa N. Menopozal Terminoloji: Biyomedikal, Sosyokültürel ve Feminist Bakış. In: Hotun Şahin N., Mecdi Kaydırak M. (eds.), Menopoz - Bakım, Tedavi ve Destekleyici Uygulamalar. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi; 2023. p. 3-14.
NHS. Early menopause. Online https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/early-menopause/ Accessed: 30 November 2023
Heidari M, Ghodusi M, Rezaei P, et al. Sexual function and factors affecting menopause: a systematic review. Journal of Menopausal Medicine. 2019;25(1): 15. doi:10.6118/jmm.2019.25.1.15
Carcelén-Fraile MdC, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, et al. Effects of physical exercise on sexual function and quality of sexual life related to menopausal symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(8): 2680. doi:10.3390/ijerph17082680
Bülbül T, Mucuk S, Dolanbay M, et al. Do complaints related to menopause affect sexuality and marital adjustment?. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 2020;36(4): 1–15. doi:10.1080/14681994.2020.1813886
Cirban Ekrem E, Özsoy S. Do sexual myths affect menopause attitudes and symptoms?. Clinical and Experimental Health Science. 2023;13(2): 337-342. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1108157
WHO. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research. Online https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health [Accessed: 10.06.2023]
Pérez-Herrezuelo I, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, et al. Female sexual function and ıts association with the severity of menopause-related symptoms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(19): 7235. doi:10.3390/ijerph17197235
Peixoto C, Carrilho CG, Ribeiro TTSB, et al. Relationship between sexual hormones, quality of life and postmenopausal sexual function. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2019;41(2): 136-143. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0057
Agarwal AK, Kiron N, Gupta R, et al. Cross sectional study for assessment of menopausal symptoms and coping strategies among the women of 40-60 years age group attending outpatient clinic of gynaecology. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2019;9(1): 13-9. doi:10.5530/ijmedph.2019.1.4
Thornton K, Chervenak J, Neal-Perry G. Menopause and Sexuality. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2015;44(3): 649-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.009.
Scavello I, Maseroli E, Di Stasi V, Vignozzi L. Sexual Health in Menopause. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(9): 559. doi: 10.3390/medicina55090559.
Nappi RE, Nijland EA. Women’s perception of sexuality around the menopause: outcomes of a European telephone survey. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2008;137:10–16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.10.036.
Kömürcü N, İşbilen A. Postmenopozal dönemde kadınların cinsel yaşama uyumu. Turkish Journal of Urology. 2011;37(4): 326-330.
Demirtaş B, Kaybandıoğlu E. Sexual health and nursing approaches in menopausal period. Journal Of Education and Research in Nursing. 2022;19(2): 244-249. doi:10.5152/jern.2021.08068
Santoro N, Roeca C, Peters BA, et al. The menopause transition: signs, symptoms, and management options. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2021;106(1): 1-15. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa764.
Demirel Bozkurt Ö, Sevil Ü. Menopoz ve cinsel yaşam. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;3(4): 497-503.
Ünlü Suvari G. Menopozda Ürogenital Semptomlar ve Bakım. In: Hotun Şahin N., Mecdi Kaydırak M. (eds.), Menopoz - Bakım, Tedavi ve Destekleyici Uygulamalar. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi; 2023. p. 167-180.
Angelou K, Grigoriadis T, Diakosavvas M, et al. The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: an Overview of the Recent Data. Cureus. 2020;12(4): e7586. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7586.
Fisher JS, Rezk A, Nwefo E, et al. Sexual health in the elderly population. Current Sexual Health Report. 2020;12: 381–388. doi:10.1007/s11930-020-00278-0
Peacock K, Ketvertis KM. Menopause. In: StatPearls. Menopause. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2023. p. 1-25.
Tangal S, Haliloğlu AH. Menopozda Genitoüriner Semptomlar ve Tedavisi. In: Cengiz SD, Çağlar GS. (eds.) Menopoz Multidisipliner Yaklaşım. Ankara: Modern Tıp Kitabevi; 2016. p. 1-8.
Simon JA, Davis SR, Althof SE, et al. Sexual well-being after menopause: an international menopause society white paper. Climacteric. 2018;21(5): 415-427. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1482647
Wong ELY, Huang F, Cheung AWL, et al. The impact of menopause on the sexual health of Chinese Cantonese women: a mixed methods study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018;74(7): 1672-1684. doi:10.1111/jan.13568
Tremayne P, Norton W. Sexuality and the older woman. British Journal of Nursing. 2017;26(14): 819-824. doi:10.12968/bjon.2017.26.14.819
Hong JH, Kim HY, Kim JY, et al. Do psychosocial variables mediate the relationship between menopause symptoms and sexual function in middleaged perimenopausal women?. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2019;45(5): 1058- 1065. doi:10.1111/jog.13927
Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Khorrami M, et al. The association between sexual function and body image among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1): 403. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01549-1.
Süt HK, Küçükkaya B. Premenopoz, perimenopoz ve postmenopoz dönem kadınlarında cinsel yaşam kalitesi. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2018;4(1): 51-68.
Katainen RE, Engblom JR, Siirtola TJ, et al. Climacteric symptoms in middle-aged women with chronic somatic diseases. Maturitas. 2016;86: 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.005
Dąbrowska-Galas M, Dąbrowska J, Michalski B. Sexual dysfunction in menopausal women. Sexual Medicine. 2019;7(4): 472-479. doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2019.06.010
Verrilli L, Esposito-Smith M, Williams M. Sexual Health and Function in Menopause and Beyond. In: Brown HW, Williams M, Schrager S. (eds.) Challenges in Older Women’s Health. Cham: Springer; 2021.p.185-199. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59058-1_12
Heidari S. Sexuality and older people: a neglected issue. Reproductive Health Matters. 2016;24(48): 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.011
Aras EN. Examination of marital satisfaction in women in terms of sexual life quality and cognitive distortions. Journal Of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences. 2020;6(22): 70-87. doi:10.31589/JOSHAS.243
Tezce MA, Beydağ KD. Menopozdaki kadınların menopoza bakış açısı ve cinsel yaşam kalitesi. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2021;31(1): 175-186.
Caglar M, Mersin S, Ibrahimoglu O. Dyadic adjustment and sexual function in postmenopausal women. Annals of Medical Research. 2020;27(3): 955-963. doi:10.5455/annalsmedres.2019.12.880
Yılmaz FA, Avci D. The relationship between personality traits, menopausal symptoms, and marital adjustment. Health Care for Women International. 2022;43(10-11): 1142-1157. doi:10.1080/07399332.2021
Khalesi ZB, Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari F, Mobarrez YD, et al. The impact of menopause on sexual function in women and their spouses. African Health Sciences. 2020;20(4): 1979-1984. doi:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.56.
Muhamad R, Horey D, Liamputtong P, et al. Meanings of sexuality: views from Malay women with sexual dysfunction. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2019;48(3): 935-947. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1228-1
Kling JM, Sidhu K, Rullo J, et al. Association between alcohol use and female sexual dysfunction from the data registry on experiences of aging, menopause, and sexuality (dreams). Sexual Medicine. 2019;7(2): 162-168.
Laganà AS, Vitale SG, Stojanovska L, et al. Preliminary results of a singlearm pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of visnadine, prenylflavonoids and bovine colostrum in postmenopausal sexually active women affected by vulvovaginal atrophy. Maturitas. 2018;109: 78-80.
Hirose A, Terauchi M, Osaka Y, et al. Effect of soy lecithin on fatigue and menopausal symptoms in middle-agedwomen: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal. 2018;17(1): 4.
Green SM, Donegan E, Frey BN, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy for menopausal symptoms (CBT-Meno): a randomized controlled trial. Menopause. 2019;26(9): 972-980.
Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, et al. Effects of physical exercise on sexual function and quality of sexual life related to menopausal symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health. 2020;17(8):2680.
Vaze N, Joshi S. Yoga and menopausal transition. Journal Midlife Health. 2010;(2): 56-58. doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.76212.
NIH. What is menopause? Online https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/menopause/what-menopause Accessed: 31 November 2023
Avcı Başboğa N. Menopozal Terminoloji: Biyomedikal, Sosyokültürel ve Feminist Bakış. In: Hotun Şahin N., Mecdi Kaydırak M. (eds.), Menopoz - Bakım, Tedavi ve Destekleyici Uygulamalar. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi; 2023. p. 3-14.
NHS. Early menopause. Online https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/early-menopause/ Accessed: 30 November 2023
Heidari M, Ghodusi M, Rezaei P, et al. Sexual function and factors affecting menopause: a systematic review. Journal of Menopausal Medicine. 2019;25(1): 15. doi:10.6118/jmm.2019.25.1.15
Carcelén-Fraile MdC, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, et al. Effects of physical exercise on sexual function and quality of sexual life related to menopausal symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(8): 2680. doi:10.3390/ijerph17082680
Bülbül T, Mucuk S, Dolanbay M, et al. Do complaints related to menopause affect sexuality and marital adjustment?. Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 2020;36(4): 1–15. doi:10.1080/14681994.2020.1813886
Cirban Ekrem E, Özsoy S. Do sexual myths affect menopause attitudes and symptoms?. Clinical and Experimental Health Science. 2023;13(2): 337-342. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1108157
WHO. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research. Online https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health [Accessed: 10.06.2023]
Pérez-Herrezuelo I, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, et al. Female sexual function and ıts association with the severity of menopause-related symptoms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(19): 7235. doi:10.3390/ijerph17197235
Peixoto C, Carrilho CG, Ribeiro TTSB, et al. Relationship between sexual hormones, quality of life and postmenopausal sexual function. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2019;41(2): 136-143. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0057
Agarwal AK, Kiron N, Gupta R, et al. Cross sectional study for assessment of menopausal symptoms and coping strategies among the women of 40-60 years age group attending outpatient clinic of gynaecology. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2019;9(1): 13-9. doi:10.5530/ijmedph.2019.1.4
Thornton K, Chervenak J, Neal-Perry G. Menopause and Sexuality. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 2015;44(3): 649-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.009.
Scavello I, Maseroli E, Di Stasi V, Vignozzi L. Sexual Health in Menopause. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(9): 559. doi: 10.3390/medicina55090559.
Nappi RE, Nijland EA. Women’s perception of sexuality around the menopause: outcomes of a European telephone survey. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2008;137:10–16. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.10.036.
Kömürcü N, İşbilen A. Postmenopozal dönemde kadınların cinsel yaşama uyumu. Turkish Journal of Urology. 2011;37(4): 326-330.
Demirtaş B, Kaybandıoğlu E. Sexual health and nursing approaches in menopausal period. Journal Of Education and Research in Nursing. 2022;19(2): 244-249. doi:10.5152/jern.2021.08068
Santoro N, Roeca C, Peters BA, et al. The menopause transition: signs, symptoms, and management options. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2021;106(1): 1-15. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa764.
Demirel Bozkurt Ö, Sevil Ü. Menopoz ve cinsel yaşam. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2016;3(4): 497-503.
Ünlü Suvari G. Menopozda Ürogenital Semptomlar ve Bakım. In: Hotun Şahin N., Mecdi Kaydırak M. (eds.), Menopoz - Bakım, Tedavi ve Destekleyici Uygulamalar. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi; 2023. p. 167-180.
Angelou K, Grigoriadis T, Diakosavvas M, et al. The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: an Overview of the Recent Data. Cureus. 2020;12(4): e7586. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7586.
Fisher JS, Rezk A, Nwefo E, et al. Sexual health in the elderly population. Current Sexual Health Report. 2020;12: 381–388. doi:10.1007/s11930-020-00278-0
Peacock K, Ketvertis KM. Menopause. In: StatPearls. Menopause. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2023. p. 1-25.
Tangal S, Haliloğlu AH. Menopozda Genitoüriner Semptomlar ve Tedavisi. In: Cengiz SD, Çağlar GS. (eds.) Menopoz Multidisipliner Yaklaşım. Ankara: Modern Tıp Kitabevi; 2016. p. 1-8.
Simon JA, Davis SR, Althof SE, et al. Sexual well-being after menopause: an international menopause society white paper. Climacteric. 2018;21(5): 415-427. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1482647
Wong ELY, Huang F, Cheung AWL, et al. The impact of menopause on the sexual health of Chinese Cantonese women: a mixed methods study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018;74(7): 1672-1684. doi:10.1111/jan.13568
Tremayne P, Norton W. Sexuality and the older woman. British Journal of Nursing. 2017;26(14): 819-824. doi:10.12968/bjon.2017.26.14.819
Hong JH, Kim HY, Kim JY, et al. Do psychosocial variables mediate the relationship between menopause symptoms and sexual function in middleaged perimenopausal women?. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2019;45(5): 1058- 1065. doi:10.1111/jog.13927
Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Khorrami M, et al. The association between sexual function and body image among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1): 403. doi: 10.1186/s12905-021-01549-1.
Süt HK, Küçükkaya B. Premenopoz, perimenopoz ve postmenopoz dönem kadınlarında cinsel yaşam kalitesi. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2018;4(1): 51-68.
Katainen RE, Engblom JR, Siirtola TJ, et al. Climacteric symptoms in middle-aged women with chronic somatic diseases. Maturitas. 2016;86: 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.005
Dąbrowska-Galas M, Dąbrowska J, Michalski B. Sexual dysfunction in menopausal women. Sexual Medicine. 2019;7(4): 472-479. doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2019.06.010
Verrilli L, Esposito-Smith M, Williams M. Sexual Health and Function in Menopause and Beyond. In: Brown HW, Williams M, Schrager S. (eds.) Challenges in Older Women’s Health. Cham: Springer; 2021.p.185-199. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59058-1_12
Heidari S. Sexuality and older people: a neglected issue. Reproductive Health Matters. 2016;24(48): 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.rhm.2016.11.011
Aras EN. Examination of marital satisfaction in women in terms of sexual life quality and cognitive distortions. Journal Of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences. 2020;6(22): 70-87. doi:10.31589/JOSHAS.243
Tezce MA, Beydağ KD. Menopozdaki kadınların menopoza bakış açısı ve cinsel yaşam kalitesi. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2021;31(1): 175-186.
Caglar M, Mersin S, Ibrahimoglu O. Dyadic adjustment and sexual function in postmenopausal women. Annals of Medical Research. 2020;27(3): 955-963. doi:10.5455/annalsmedres.2019.12.880
Yılmaz FA, Avci D. The relationship between personality traits, menopausal symptoms, and marital adjustment. Health Care for Women International. 2022;43(10-11): 1142-1157. doi:10.1080/07399332.2021
Khalesi ZB, Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari F, Mobarrez YD, et al. The impact of menopause on sexual function in women and their spouses. African Health Sciences. 2020;20(4): 1979-1984. doi:10.4314/ahs.v20i4.56.
Muhamad R, Horey D, Liamputtong P, et al. Meanings of sexuality: views from Malay women with sexual dysfunction. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2019;48(3): 935-947. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1228-1
Kling JM, Sidhu K, Rullo J, et al. Association between alcohol use and female sexual dysfunction from the data registry on experiences of aging, menopause, and sexuality (dreams). Sexual Medicine. 2019;7(2): 162-168.
Laganà AS, Vitale SG, Stojanovska L, et al. Preliminary results of a singlearm pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of visnadine, prenylflavonoids and bovine colostrum in postmenopausal sexually active women affected by vulvovaginal atrophy. Maturitas. 2018;109: 78-80.
Hirose A, Terauchi M, Osaka Y, et al. Effect of soy lecithin on fatigue and menopausal symptoms in middle-agedwomen: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutrition Journal. 2018;17(1): 4.
Green SM, Donegan E, Frey BN, et al. Cognitive behavior therapy for menopausal symptoms (CBT-Meno): a randomized controlled trial. Menopause. 2019;26(9): 972-980.
Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A, et al. Effects of physical exercise on sexual function and quality of sexual life related to menopausal symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health. 2020;17(8):2680.
Vaze N, Joshi S. Yoga and menopausal transition. Journal Midlife Health. 2010;(2): 56-58. doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.76212.
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391-402
Published
March 19, 2024
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Sel İ, Hotun Şahin N. Menopoz ve Cinsel Sağlık. In: Karabulutlu Ö, editor. Her Yönüyle Cinsel Sağlık [Internet]. Türkiye: Academician Publishing Book DOI Portal; 2024 [cited 2026 Jul. 13]. pp. 391-402. Available from: https://www.omp35.books.akademisyen.net/index.php/akya/catalog/book/3000/chapter/13850
