Cerrahi Alan Enfeksiyonlarını Önlemede Kanıt Temelli Yaklaşımlar
Referanslar
World Health Organization. Global Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. 2018. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536404/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Borchardt RA, Tzizik D. Update on surgical site infections: The new CDC guidelines. JAAPA. 2018;31(4):52-54. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000531052.82007.42.
Allegranzi B, Zayed B, Bischoff P, et al. New WHO recommendations on intraoperative and postoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: An evidence-based global perspective. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(12):e288-e303. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30402-9.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018–2020 Healthcare-associated infections: Surgical site infections. 2023. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Healthcare-associated%20infections%20-%20surgical%20site%20infections%202018-2020.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
CDC (National Healthcare Safety Network). Surgical Site Infection Event. 2024. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ulusal Sağlık Hizmeti İlişkili Enfeksiyonlar Sürveyans Ağı (Ushiesa) Etken Dağılımı ve Antibiyotik Direnç Raporu 2022. 2023. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/bulasici-hastaliklar-ve-erken-uyari-db/Dokumanlar/Raporlar/ETKEN_DAGILIM_VE_DIRENC_2022_RAPOR-v2.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Gürkan A, Kandemir K. Ameliyat olmaya geldim enfeksiyon değil: Perioperatif enfeksiyonları önlemede kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. Gürsoy A, editör. Perioperatif Hemşirelikte Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri. 2020: 50-7.
Hooper VD, Chard R, Clifford T, et al. ASPAN's evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the promotion of perioperative normothermia: Second edition. J Perianesth Nurs. 2010;25(2):346-365. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2010.10.006.
TARD (Türk Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Derneği). İstenmeyen Perioperatif Hipoterminin Önlenmesi Rehberi. 2013. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.tard.org.tr/assets/kilavuz/yeni.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Hypothermia: Prevention and management in adults having surgery. (2016). (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554181/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Berríos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(8):784-791. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0904.
Link T. Guidelines in Practice: Preoperative Patient Skin Antisepsis. AORN J. 2022;115(2):156-166. doi:10.1002/aorn.13605.
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019;43(3):659-695. doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y.
Türk Cerrahi ve Ameliyathane Hemşireleri Derneği. Cerrahi Alan Enfeksiyonunu Önlemede Ameliyat Öncesi Kıl Temizliği. 2018. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://tcahd.org/gorseller/files/kil-temzligi-28_01_2019.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Surgical site infections: Prevention and treatment. 2020. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542473/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Uchino M, Ikeuchi H, Shimizu J, et al. Association between preoperative tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor and surgical site infection after surgery for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2021;51(1):32-43. doi:10.1007/s00595-020-02003-9.
Deftereos I, Kiss N, Isenring E, Carter VM, Yeung JM. A systematic review of the effect of preoperative nutrition support on nutritional status and treatment outcomes in upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46(8):1423-1434. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.008.
Jolivet S, Lucet JC. Surgical field and skin preparation. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(1S):S1-S6. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2018.04.033.
Webster J, Osborne S. Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(2):CD004985. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004985.pub5.
Sakr A, Brégeon F, Rolain JM, Blin O. Staphylococcus aureus nasal decolonization strategies: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019;17(5):327-340. doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1604220
Septimus EJ. Nasal decolonization: What antimicrobials are most effective prior to surgery?. Am J Infect Control. 2019; 47S:A53-A57. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.028
Liu Z, Norman G, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Wong JK, Crosbie EJ, Wilson P. Nasal decontamination for the prevention of surgical site infection in Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5(5):CD012462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012462.pub2.
Tang J, Hui J, Ma J, Mingquan C. Nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus and the risk of surgical site infection after surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020;19(1):33. doi:10.1186/s12941-020-00376-w
Rollins KE, Javanmard-Emamghissi H, & Lobo DN. (2018). Impact of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 24(4), 519–536. doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i4.519.
Tan J, Ryan ÉJ, Davey MG, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery: network meta-analysis. BJS Open. 2023;7(3):zrad040. doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrad040.
Tanner J, Melen K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;8(8):CD004122. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004122.pub5.
Shi D, Yao Y, Yu W. (2017). Comparison of preoperative hair removal methods for the reduction of surgical site infections: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(19-20), 2907–2914. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13661.
Young PY, Khadaroo RG. Surgical site infection. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2014;94(6):1245-1264.
Allen J, David M, Veerman JL. Systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing surgical-site infection. BJS Open. 2018;2(3):81-98. doi:10.1002/bjs5.45.
Tanner J, Dumville JC, Norman G, Fortnam M. Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(1):CD004288. 2016. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub3.
Anggrahita T, Wardhana A, Sudjatmiko G. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine as preoperative skin preparation to prevent surgical site infection: A meta-analysis. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2017;26(1):54-1. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/1388 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Jalalzadeh H, Groenen H, Buis DR, et al. Efficacy of different preoperative skin antiseptics on the incidence of surgical site infections: a systematic review, GRADE assessment, and network meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3(10):e762-e771. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00187-2.
Dohmen PM. Impact of antimicrobial skin sealants on surgical site infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15(4):368-371. doi:10.1089/sur.2012.193.
Wood C, Phillips C. Cyanoacrylate microbial sealants for skin preparation prior to surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(5):CD008062. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008062.pub4.
Kuh JH, Jung WS, Lim L, et al. The effect of high perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction for abdominal surgery on surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):15599. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41300-4.
Yüksel S, Altun Uğraş G. Cerrahi hastasında hipotermi gelişimini önlemede hemşirenin rolü. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2016; 9(2):113-121.
Öner Cengiz H, Uçar S, Yilmaz M. The role of perioperative hypothermia in the development of surgical site infection: A systematic review. AORN J. 2021;113(3):265-275. doi:10.1002/aorn.13327.
Ata A, Lee J, Bestle SL, Desemone J, Stain SC. Postoperative hyperglycemia and surgical site infection in general surgery patients. Arch Surg. 2010;145(9):858-864. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.179.
Kao LS, Phatak UR. Glycemic control and prevention of surgical site infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2013;14(5):437-444. doi:10.1089/sur.2013.008.
Martin ET, Kaye KS, Knott C, et al. Diabetes and risk of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;37(1):88-99. doi:10.1017/ice.2015.249.
Hara H, Kanayama M, Oha F, et al. Effect of pre-operative HbA1c and blood glucose level on the surgical site infection after lumbar instrumentation surgery. J Orthop Sci. 2024; 29(5):1168-1173. doi:10.1016/j.jos.2023.08.015.
Kieser DC, Wyatt MC, Beswick A, Kunutsor S, Hooper GJ. Does the type of surgical drape (disposable versus non-disposable) affect the risk of subsequent surgical site infection?. J Orthop. 2018;15(2):566-570. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2018.05.015.
Mihaljevic AL, Müller TC, Kehl V, Friess H, Kleeff J. Wound edge protectors in open abdominal surgery to reduce surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121187. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121187.
Galosi AB, Delle Fave RF, Perpepaj L, et al. Does Alexis wound protector/retractor reduce the risk of surgical site infections after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer? Results from a single center, comparative study. Urology. 2024; 184:162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.09.054.
Groenen H, Bontekoning N, Jalalzadeh H, et al. Incisional wound irrigation for the prevention of surgical site infection: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAMA Surg. 2024; 159(7):792-800. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0775.
Ahmed I, Boulton AJ, Rizvi S, et al. The use of triclosan-coated sutures to prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e029727. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029727.
Ouyang X, Wang Q, Li X, Zhang T, Rastogi S. Laminar airflow ventilation systems in orthopaedic operating room do not prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):572. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-03992-2.
Mujagic E, Zeindler J, Coslovsky M, et al. The association of surgical drains with surgical site infections - A prospective observational study. Am J Surg. 2019;217(1):17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.06.015.
Dumville JC, Gray TA, Walter CJ, et al. Dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12(12):CD003091. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003091.pub4.
Wijetunge S, Hill R, Katie Morris R, Hodgetts Morton V. Advanced dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection in women post-caesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;267:226-233. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.01.
Borchardt RA, Tzizik D. Update on surgical site infections: The new CDC guidelines. JAAPA. 2018;31(4):52-54. doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000531052.82007.42.
Allegranzi B, Zayed B, Bischoff P, et al. New WHO recommendations on intraoperative and postoperative measures for surgical site infection prevention: An evidence-based global perspective. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(12):e288-e303. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30402-9.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2018–2020 Healthcare-associated infections: Surgical site infections. 2023. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Healthcare-associated%20infections%20-%20surgical%20site%20infections%202018-2020.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
CDC (National Healthcare Safety Network). Surgical Site Infection Event. 2024. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ulusal Sağlık Hizmeti İlişkili Enfeksiyonlar Sürveyans Ağı (Ushiesa) Etken Dağılımı ve Antibiyotik Direnç Raporu 2022. 2023. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/bulasici-hastaliklar-ve-erken-uyari-db/Dokumanlar/Raporlar/ETKEN_DAGILIM_VE_DIRENC_2022_RAPOR-v2.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Gürkan A, Kandemir K. Ameliyat olmaya geldim enfeksiyon değil: Perioperatif enfeksiyonları önlemede kanıta dayalı uygulamalar. Gürsoy A, editör. Perioperatif Hemşirelikte Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri. 2020: 50-7.
Hooper VD, Chard R, Clifford T, et al. ASPAN's evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the promotion of perioperative normothermia: Second edition. J Perianesth Nurs. 2010;25(2):346-365. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2010.10.006.
TARD (Türk Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Derneği). İstenmeyen Perioperatif Hipoterminin Önlenmesi Rehberi. 2013. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.tard.org.tr/assets/kilavuz/yeni.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Hypothermia: Prevention and management in adults having surgery. (2016). (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554181/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Berríos-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(8):784-791. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0904.
Link T. Guidelines in Practice: Preoperative Patient Skin Antisepsis. AORN J. 2022;115(2):156-166. doi:10.1002/aorn.13605.
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019;43(3):659-695. doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y.
Türk Cerrahi ve Ameliyathane Hemşireleri Derneği. Cerrahi Alan Enfeksiyonunu Önlemede Ameliyat Öncesi Kıl Temizliği. 2018. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://tcahd.org/gorseller/files/kil-temzligi-28_01_2019.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Surgical site infections: Prevention and treatment. 2020. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542473/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Uchino M, Ikeuchi H, Shimizu J, et al. Association between preoperative tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor and surgical site infection after surgery for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2021;51(1):32-43. doi:10.1007/s00595-020-02003-9.
Deftereos I, Kiss N, Isenring E, Carter VM, Yeung JM. A systematic review of the effect of preoperative nutrition support on nutritional status and treatment outcomes in upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46(8):1423-1434. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.04.008.
Jolivet S, Lucet JC. Surgical field and skin preparation. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2019;105(1S):S1-S6. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2018.04.033.
Webster J, Osborne S. Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(2):CD004985. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004985.pub5.
Sakr A, Brégeon F, Rolain JM, Blin O. Staphylococcus aureus nasal decolonization strategies: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019;17(5):327-340. doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1604220
Septimus EJ. Nasal decolonization: What antimicrobials are most effective prior to surgery?. Am J Infect Control. 2019; 47S:A53-A57. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.028
Liu Z, Norman G, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Wong JK, Crosbie EJ, Wilson P. Nasal decontamination for the prevention of surgical site infection in Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;5(5):CD012462. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012462.pub2.
Tang J, Hui J, Ma J, Mingquan C. Nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus and the risk of surgical site infection after surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020;19(1):33. doi:10.1186/s12941-020-00376-w
Rollins KE, Javanmard-Emamghissi H, & Lobo DN. (2018). Impact of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 24(4), 519–536. doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i4.519.
Tan J, Ryan ÉJ, Davey MG, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery: network meta-analysis. BJS Open. 2023;7(3):zrad040. doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrad040.
Tanner J, Melen K. Preoperative hair removal to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;8(8):CD004122. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004122.pub5.
Shi D, Yao Y, Yu W. (2017). Comparison of preoperative hair removal methods for the reduction of surgical site infections: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(19-20), 2907–2914. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13661.
Young PY, Khadaroo RG. Surgical site infection. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2014;94(6):1245-1264.
Allen J, David M, Veerman JL. Systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing surgical-site infection. BJS Open. 2018;2(3):81-98. doi:10.1002/bjs5.45.
Tanner J, Dumville JC, Norman G, Fortnam M. Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(1):CD004288. 2016. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub3.
Anggrahita T, Wardhana A, Sudjatmiko G. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine as preoperative skin preparation to prevent surgical site infection: A meta-analysis. Med J Indones [Internet]. 2017;26(1):54-1. (30.08.2024 tarihinde https://mji.ui.ac.id/journal/index.php/mji/article/view/1388 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Jalalzadeh H, Groenen H, Buis DR, et al. Efficacy of different preoperative skin antiseptics on the incidence of surgical site infections: a systematic review, GRADE assessment, and network meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3(10):e762-e771. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00187-2.
Dohmen PM. Impact of antimicrobial skin sealants on surgical site infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15(4):368-371. doi:10.1089/sur.2012.193.
Wood C, Phillips C. Cyanoacrylate microbial sealants for skin preparation prior to surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(5):CD008062. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008062.pub4.
Kuh JH, Jung WS, Lim L, et al. The effect of high perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction for abdominal surgery on surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):15599. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41300-4.
Yüksel S, Altun Uğraş G. Cerrahi hastasında hipotermi gelişimini önlemede hemşirenin rolü. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2016; 9(2):113-121.
Öner Cengiz H, Uçar S, Yilmaz M. The role of perioperative hypothermia in the development of surgical site infection: A systematic review. AORN J. 2021;113(3):265-275. doi:10.1002/aorn.13327.
Ata A, Lee J, Bestle SL, Desemone J, Stain SC. Postoperative hyperglycemia and surgical site infection in general surgery patients. Arch Surg. 2010;145(9):858-864. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2010.179.
Kao LS, Phatak UR. Glycemic control and prevention of surgical site infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2013;14(5):437-444. doi:10.1089/sur.2013.008.
Martin ET, Kaye KS, Knott C, et al. Diabetes and risk of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;37(1):88-99. doi:10.1017/ice.2015.249.
Hara H, Kanayama M, Oha F, et al. Effect of pre-operative HbA1c and blood glucose level on the surgical site infection after lumbar instrumentation surgery. J Orthop Sci. 2024; 29(5):1168-1173. doi:10.1016/j.jos.2023.08.015.
Kieser DC, Wyatt MC, Beswick A, Kunutsor S, Hooper GJ. Does the type of surgical drape (disposable versus non-disposable) affect the risk of subsequent surgical site infection?. J Orthop. 2018;15(2):566-570. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2018.05.015.
Mihaljevic AL, Müller TC, Kehl V, Friess H, Kleeff J. Wound edge protectors in open abdominal surgery to reduce surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121187. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121187.
Galosi AB, Delle Fave RF, Perpepaj L, et al. Does Alexis wound protector/retractor reduce the risk of surgical site infections after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer? Results from a single center, comparative study. Urology. 2024; 184:162-168. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.09.054.
Groenen H, Bontekoning N, Jalalzadeh H, et al. Incisional wound irrigation for the prevention of surgical site infection: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAMA Surg. 2024; 159(7):792-800. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0775.
Ahmed I, Boulton AJ, Rizvi S, et al. The use of triclosan-coated sutures to prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e029727. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029727.
Ouyang X, Wang Q, Li X, Zhang T, Rastogi S. Laminar airflow ventilation systems in orthopaedic operating room do not prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18(1):572. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-03992-2.
Mujagic E, Zeindler J, Coslovsky M, et al. The association of surgical drains with surgical site infections - A prospective observational study. Am J Surg. 2019;217(1):17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.06.015.
Dumville JC, Gray TA, Walter CJ, et al. Dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;12(12):CD003091. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003091.pub4.
Wijetunge S, Hill R, Katie Morris R, Hodgetts Morton V. Advanced dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection in women post-caesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;267:226-233. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.01.
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12 Kasım 2024
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